Types of objects

Types of objects

Praat contains the following types of objects and Editors. For an introduction and tutorials, see Intro.

General purpose:

• Matrix: a sampled real-valued function of two variables

• Polygon

• PointProcess: a point process (PointEditor)

• Sound: a sampled continuous process (SoundEditor, SoundRecorder, Sound files)

• LongSound: a file-based version of a sound (LongSoundEditor)

• Strings

• Distributions, PairDistribution

• Table, TableOfReal

• Permutation

• ParamCurve

Periodicity analysis:

• Tutorials:

• Intro 4. Pitch analysis

• Intro 6. Intensity analysis

• Voice (jitter, shimmer, noise)

• Pitch: articulatory fundamental frequency, acoustic periodicity, or perceptual pitch (PitchEditor)

• Harmonicity: degree of periodicity

• Intensity, IntensityTier: intensity contour

• Electroglottogram

Spectral analysis:

• Tutorials:

• Intro 3. Spectral analysis

• Intro 5. Formant analysis

• Spectrum: complex-valued equally spaced frequency spectrum (SpectrumEditor)

• Ltas: long-term average spectrum

• Spectro-temporal: Spectrogram, BarkSpectrogram, MelSpectrogram

• Formant: acoustic formant contours

• LPC: coefficients of Linear Predictive Coding, as a function of time

• Cepstrum, CC, LFCC, MFCC (cepstral coefficients)

• Excitation: excitation pattern of basilar membrane

• Excitations: an ensemble of Excitation objects

• Cochleagram: excitation pattern as a function of time

Labelling and segmentation (see Intro 7. Annotation):

• TextGrid (TextGridEditor)

Listening experiments:

• ExperimentMFC

Manipulation of sound:

• Tutorials:

• Intro 8.1. Manipulation of pitch

• Intro 8.2. Manipulation of duration

• Intro 8.3. Manipulation of intensity

• Filtering

• Source-filter synthesis

• PitchTier (PitchTierEditor)

• Manipulation (ManipulationEditor): overlap-add

• DurationTier

• FormantGrid

Articulatory synthesis (see the Articulatory synthesis tutorial):

• Speaker: speaker characteristics of a woman, a man, or a child

• Articulation: snapshot of articulatory specifications (muscle activities)

• Artword: articulatory target specifications as functions of time

• (VocalTract: area function)

Neural net package:

• FFNet: feed-forward neural net

• PatternList

• Categories: for classification (CategoriesEditor)

Numerical and statistical analysis:

• Eigen: eigenvectors and eigenvalues

• Polynomial, Roots, ChebyshevSeries, LegendreSeries, ISpline, MSpline

• Covariance: covariance matrix

• Confusion: confusion matrix

• Discriminant analysis: Discriminant

• Principal component analysis: PCA

• Correlation, ClassificationTable, SSCP

• DTW: dynamic time warping

Multidimensional scaling:

• Configuration (Salience)

• Kruskal analysis: Dissimilarity (Weight), Similarity

• INDSCAL analysis: Distance, ScalarProduct

• Correspondence analysis: ContingencyTable

Optimality-theoretic learning (see the OT learning tutorial)

• OTGrammar (OTGrammarEditor)

Bureaucracy

• WordList, SpellingChecker

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