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A HMM is a Hidden Markov Model. Markov models are often used to model observation sequences. The fundamental assumption in a Markov model is that the probability of an observation (event) can only depend on the previous observation. A HMM can be visualised as a graph with a number of states. If two states are connected, the graph has a line that connects them. The following picture shows a HMM with two states, labeled "Rainy" and "Sunny". Each state can emit three symbols (these are not visible in the graph).
For an introduction into HMM's see Rabiner (1989).
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