/* GraphicsScreen.cpp
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1992-2022 Paul Boersma, 2013 Tom Naughton
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
 * your option) any later version.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this work. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "GraphicsP.h"
#include "Printer.h"
#include "GuiP.h"

#if cairo
	#include <cairo/cairo-pdf.h>
	static bool _GraphicsCairo_tryToInitializePango () {
		return _GraphicsLin_tryToInitializeFonts ();
	}
#elif gdi
	//#include "winport_on.h"
	#include <gdiplus.h>
	//#include "winport_off.h"
	//using namespace Gdiplus;
	static bool _GraphicsWindows_tryToInitializeGdiPlus () {
		Gdiplus::GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput;
		ULONG_PTR gdiplusToken;
		GdiplusStartup (& gdiplusToken, & gdiplusStartupInput, nullptr);
		return true;
	}
#elif quartz
	#include "macport_on.h"
	static bool _GraphicsMacintosh_tryToInitializeQuartz () {
		return _GraphicsMac_tryToInitializeFonts ();
	}
#endif

Thing_implement (GraphicsScreen, Graphics, 0);

void structGraphicsScreen :: v_destroy () noexcept {
	#if cairo
		if (d_cairoGraphicsContext) {
			cairo_destroy (d_cairoGraphicsContext);
			d_cairoGraphicsContext = nullptr;
		}
		if (d_cairoSurface) {
			cairo_surface_flush (d_cairoSurface);
			if (d_isPng) {
				#if 1
					cairo_surface_write_to_png (d_cairoSurface, Melder_peek32to8_fileSystem (d_file. path));
				#else
					unsigned char *bitmap = cairo_image_surface_get_data (my d_cairoSurface);   // peeking into the internal bits
					// copy bitmap to PNG structure created with the PNG library
					// save the PNG structure to a file
				#endif
			}
			cairo_surface_destroy (d_cairoSurface);
		}
	#elif gdi
		if (d_gdiGraphicsContext) {
			SelectPen (d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockPen (BLACK_PEN));
			SelectBrush (d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockBrush (NULL_BRUSH));
		}
		if (d_winPen) {
			DeleteObject (d_winPen);
			d_winPen = nullptr;
		}
		if (d_winBrush) {
			DeleteObject (d_winBrush);
			d_winBrush = nullptr;
		}
		if (d_isPng && d_gdiBitmap) {
			trace (U"saving the filled bitmap to a PNG file");
			/*
				Deselect the bitmap from the device context (otherwise GetDIBits won't work).
			*/
			//SelectBitmap (d_gdiGraphicsContext, nullptr);
			//SelectBitmap (d_gdiGraphicsContext, CreateCompatibleBitmap (nullptr, 1, 1));

			BITMAP bitmap;
			GetObject (d_gdiBitmap, sizeof (BITMAP), & bitmap);
			int width = bitmap. bmWidth, height = bitmap. bmHeight;
			//int width = 3600, height = 3600;
			trace (U"width ", width, U", height ", height);

			/*
				Get the bits from the HBITMAP;
			*/
			struct { BITMAPINFOHEADER header; } bitmapInfo;
			bitmapInfo. header.biSize = sizeof (BITMAPINFOHEADER);
			bitmapInfo. header.biWidth = width;
			bitmapInfo. header.biHeight = height;
			bitmapInfo. header.biPlanes = 1;
			bitmapInfo. header.biBitCount = 32;
			bitmapInfo. header.biCompression = BI_RGB;
			bitmapInfo. header.biSizeImage = 0;
			bitmapInfo. header.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
			bitmapInfo. header.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
			bitmapInfo. header.biClrUsed = 0;
			bitmapInfo. header.biClrImportant = 0;
			unsigned char *bits = Melder_calloc (unsigned char, 4 * width * height);
			//HANDLE handle = GlobalAlloc (GHND, 4 * width * height);
			//unsigned char *bits = (unsigned char *) GlobalLock (handle);
			int numberOfLinesScanned = GetDIBits (GetDC (nullptr), d_gdiBitmap, 0, height, bits, (BITMAPINFO *) & bitmapInfo, DIB_RGB_COLORS);
			trace (numberOfLinesScanned, U" lines scanned");

			trace (U"creating a savable bitmap");

			//Gdiplus::Bitmap gdiplusBitmap (width, height, PixelFormat32bppARGB);
			Gdiplus::Bitmap gdiplusBitmap ((BITMAPINFO *) & bitmapInfo, bits);
			gdiplusBitmap. SetResolution (resolution, resolution);

			trace (U"copying the device-independent bits to the savable bitmap.");

			/*
			for (integer irow = 1; irow <= height; irow ++) {
				for (integer icol = 1; icol <= width; icol ++) {
					unsigned char blue = *bits ++, green = *bits ++, red = *bits ++, alpha = 255 - *bits ++;
					Gdiplus::Color gdiplusColour (alpha, red, green, blue);
					gdiplusBitmap. SetPixel (icol - 1, height - irow, gdiplusColour);
				}
			}
			*/

			trace (U"saving");

			UINT numberOfImageEncoders, sizeOfImageEncoderArray;
			Gdiplus::GetImageEncodersSize (& numberOfImageEncoders, & sizeOfImageEncoderArray);
			Gdiplus::ImageCodecInfo *imageEncoderInfos = Melder_malloc (Gdiplus::ImageCodecInfo, sizeOfImageEncoderArray);
			Gdiplus::GetImageEncoders (numberOfImageEncoders, sizeOfImageEncoderArray, imageEncoderInfos);
			for (int iencoder = 0; iencoder < numberOfImageEncoders; iencoder ++) {
				if (! wcscmp (imageEncoderInfos [iencoder]. MimeType, L"image/png")) {
					gdiplusBitmap. Save (Melder_peek32toW_fileSystem (our d_file. path),
							& imageEncoderInfos [iencoder]. Clsid, nullptr);
				}
			}

			trace (U"cleaning up");

			Melder_free (imageEncoderInfos);
			//bits -= 4 * width * height;
			Melder_free (bits);
			//GlobalUnlock (handle);
			//GlobalFree (handle);
			DeleteObject (d_gdiBitmap);
			Melder_assert (d_gdiGraphicsContext);
			DeleteDC (d_gdiGraphicsContext);   // this was a memory leak before 5.3.83
		}
		/*
			No ReleaseDC here, because we have not created it ourselves,
			not even with GetDC. Is this a BUG?
		*/
		d_gdiGraphicsContext = nullptr;
	#elif quartz
		if (! d_macView && ! d_isPng) {
			CGContextEndPage (d_macGraphicsContext);
			CGContextRelease (d_macGraphicsContext);
		}
		if (d_isPng && d_macGraphicsContext) {
			/*
				Turn the offscreen bitmap into an image.
			*/
			CGImageRef image = CGBitmapContextCreateImage (d_macGraphicsContext);
			Melder_assert (image);
			//CGContextRelease (d_macGraphicsContext);
			/*
				Create a dictionary with resolution properties.
			*/
			CFTypeRef keys [2], values [2];
			keys [0] = kCGImagePropertyDPIWidth;
			keys [1] = kCGImagePropertyDPIHeight;
			float resolution_float = resolution;
			values [1] = values [0] = CFNumberCreate (nullptr, kCFNumberFloatType, & resolution_float);
			CFDictionaryRef properties = CFDictionaryCreate (nullptr,
				(const void **) keys, (const void **) values, 2,
				& kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, & kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
			Melder_assert (properties);

			CFURLRef url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath (nullptr,
				(CFStringRef) Melder_peek32toCfstring (d_file. path), kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle, false);
			CGImageDestinationRef imageDestination = CGImageDestinationCreateWithURL (url, kUTTypePNG, 1, nullptr);
			if (imageDestination) {
				CGImageDestinationAddImage (imageDestination, image, properties);
				CGImageDestinationFinalize (imageDestination);
				CFRelease (imageDestination);
			}
			CGImageRelease (image);
			CFRelease (properties);
			CFRelease (url);
		}
		Melder_free (d_bits);
	#endif
	trace (U"destroying parent");
	GraphicsScreen_Parent :: v_destroy ();
	trace (U"exit");
}

void structGraphicsScreen :: v_clearWs () {
	#if cairo && gtk
		GdkRectangle rect;
		if (our d_x1DC < our d_x2DC) {
			rect.x = our d_x1DC;
			rect.width = our d_x2DC - our d_x1DC;
		} else {
			rect.x = our d_x2DC;
			rect.width = our d_x1DC - our d_x2DC;
		}
		if (our d_y1DC < our d_y2DC) {
			rect.y = our d_y1DC;
			rect.height = our d_y2DC - our d_y1DC;
		} else {
			rect.y = our d_y2DC;
			rect.height = our d_y1DC - our d_y2DC;
		}
		if (our d_cairoGraphicsContext) {
			cairo_set_source_rgb (our d_cairoGraphicsContext, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
			cairo_rectangle (our d_cairoGraphicsContext, rect.x, rect.y, rect.width, rect.height);
			cairo_fill (our d_cairoGraphicsContext);
			cairo_set_source_rgb (our d_cairoGraphicsContext, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
		}
	#elif gdi
		RECT rect;
		rect. left = rect. top = 0;
		rect. right = d_x2DC - d_x1DC;
		rect. bottom = d_y2DC - d_y1DC;
		FillRect (our d_gdiGraphicsContext, & rect, GetStockBrush (WHITE_BRUSH));
		/*if (our d_winWindow) SendMessage (our d_winWindow, WM_ERASEBKGND, (WPARAM) our d_gdiGraphicsContext, 0);*/
	#elif quartz
		if (! our d_drawingArea) {
			Melder_assert (!! our d_macGraphicsContext);
			CGContextSetAlpha (our d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0);
			CGContextSetRGBFillColor (our d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
			CGContextFillRect (d_macGraphicsContext, CGRectMake (our d_x1DC, our d_y2DC, our d_x2DC - our d_x1DC, our d_y1DC - our d_y2DC));
			return;
		}
		GuiCocoaDrawingArea *cocoaDrawingArea = (GuiCocoaDrawingArea *) our d_drawingArea -> d_widget;
		if (cocoaDrawingArea && ! [cocoaDrawingArea isHiddenOrHasHiddenAncestor]) {   // can be called at destruction time
			Melder_assert (!! our d_macGraphicsContext);
			CGContextSetAlpha (our d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0);
			CGContextSetRGBFillColor (our d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
			CGContextFillRect (d_macGraphicsContext, CGRectMake (our d_x1DC, our d_y2DC, our d_x2DC - our d_x1DC, our d_y1DC - our d_y2DC));
		}
	#endif
}

void Graphics_clearWs (Graphics me) {
	if (my recording) {
		op (CLEAR_WS, 0);
	} else
		my v_clearWs ();
}

void structGraphicsScreen :: v_updateWs () {
	/*
		A function that invalidates the graphics.
		This function is typically called by the owner of the drawing area
		whenever the data to be displayed in the drawing area has changed;
		the idea is to generate an expose event to which the drawing area will
		respond by redrawing its contents from the (changed) data.
		(last checked 2020-07-12)
	*/
	if (! our d_drawingArea)
		return;
	#if cairo && gtk
		//GdkWindow *window = gtk_widget_get_parent_window (GTK_WIDGET (our d_drawingArea -> d_widget));
		GdkRectangle rect;

		if (our d_x1DC < our d_x2DC) {
			rect.x = our d_x1DC;
			rect.width = our d_x2DC - our d_x1DC;
		} else {
			rect.x = our d_x2DC;
			rect.width = our d_x1DC - our d_x2DC;
		}

		if (our d_y1DC < our d_y2DC) {
			rect.y = our d_y1DC;
			rect.height = our d_y2DC - our d_y1DC;
		} else {
			rect.y = our d_y2DC;
			rect.height = our d_y1DC - our d_y2DC;
		}
		//gdk_window_invalidate_rect (our d_window, & rect, true);
		gtk_widget_queue_draw_area (GTK_WIDGET (our d_drawingArea -> d_widget), rect.x, rect.y, rect.width, rect.height);
		//gdk_window_invalidate_rect (our d_window, nullptr, true);
		//gdk_window_process_updates (our d_window, true);   // TODO: this one seems to be for draining instead
	#elif gdi
		//clear (this); // lll
		if (our d_winWindow)
			InvalidateRect (our d_winWindow, nullptr, true);
	#elif quartz
		NSView *view = our d_macView;
		Melder_assert (!! view);
		NSRect rect;
		if (our d_x1DC < our d_x2DC) {
			rect.origin.x = our d_x1DC;
			rect.size.width = our d_x2DC - our d_x1DC;
		} else {
			rect.origin.x = our d_x2DC;
			rect.size.width = our d_x1DC - our d_x2DC;
		}
		if (our d_y1DC < our d_y2DC) {
			rect.origin.y = our d_y1DC;
			rect.size.height = our d_y2DC - our d_y1DC;
		} else {
			rect.origin.y = our d_y2DC;
			rect.size.height = our d_y1DC - our d_y2DC;
		}
		//[view setNeedsDisplayInRect: rect];
		[view setNeedsDisplay: YES];
	#endif
}

void Graphics_updateWs (Graphics me) {
	if (me)
		my v_updateWs ();
}

void Graphics_beginMovieFrame (Graphics any, MelderColour *p_colour) {
	if (any -> classInfo == classGraphicsScreen) {
		GraphicsScreen me = (GraphicsScreen) any;
		Graphics_startRecording (me);
		if (p_colour) {
			Graphics_clearRecording (me);
			Graphics_setViewport (me, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
			Graphics_setColour (me, *p_colour);
			Graphics_setWindow (me, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
			Graphics_fillRectangle (me, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
			Graphics_setColour (me, Melder_BLACK);
		}
	}
}

void Graphics_endMovieFrame (Graphics any, double frameDuration) {
	if (any -> classInfo == classGraphicsScreen) {
		GraphicsScreen me = (GraphicsScreen) any;
		Graphics_stopRecording (me);
		my v_updateWs ();
		GuiShell_drain (my d_drawingArea -> d_shell);
		Melder_sleep (frameDuration);
	}
}

static int GraphicsScreen_init (GraphicsScreen me, void *voidDisplay, void *voidWindow) {

	/* Fill in new members. */

	#if cairo && gtk
		my d_display = (GdkDisplay *) gdk_display_get_default ();
		_GraphicsScreen_text_init (me);
		if (voidDisplay)
			my d_window = gtk_widget_get_window (GTK_WIDGET (voidDisplay));
		my d_cairoGraphicsContext = nullptr;   // will be created and destroyed at expose time or during Graphics_textWidth(); 2020-11-11
	#elif gdi
		if (my printer) {
			my d_gdiGraphicsContext = (HDC) voidWindow;
		} else if (voidDisplay) {
			my d_gdiGraphicsContext = (HDC) voidDisplay;
			my metafile = true;
		} else {
			my d_winWindow = (HWND) voidWindow;
			my d_gdiGraphicsContext = GetDC (my d_winWindow);   // window must have a constant display context; see XtInitialize ()
		}
		Melder_assert (my d_gdiGraphicsContext);
		SetBkMode (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, TRANSPARENT);   // not the default! text should not be drawn against a white background
		/*
			Create pens and brushes.
		*/
		my d_winPen = CreatePen (PS_SOLID, 0, RGB (0, 0, 0));
		my d_winBrush = CreateSolidBrush (RGB (0, 0, 0));
		SelectBrush (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockBrush (NULL_BRUSH));
		SetTextAlign (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, TA_LEFT | TA_BASELINE | TA_NOUPDATECP);   // baseline is not the default!
		_GraphicsScreen_text_init (me);
	#elif quartz
		(void) voidDisplay;
		if (my printer) {
			my d_macView = (NSView *) voidWindow;   // in case we do view-based printing
			//my d_macGraphicsContext = (CGContextRef) voidWindow;   // in case we do context-based printing
		} else {
			my d_macView = (NSView *) voidWindow;
			my d_macGraphicsContext = nullptr;   // will be retrieved and nullified at expose time
		}
		my d_depth = ( my resolution > 150 ? 1 : 8 );   // BUG: replace by true depth (1=black/white)
		_GraphicsScreen_text_init (me);
	#endif
	return 1;
}

autoGraphics Graphics_create_screen (void *display, void *window, int resolution) {
	autoGraphicsScreen me = Thing_new (GraphicsScreen);
	my screen = true;
	#if cairo
		_GraphicsCairo_tryToInitializePango ();
	#elif gdi
		my d_useGdiplus = _GraphicsWindows_tryToInitializeGdiPlus ();
	#elif quartz
		_GraphicsMacintosh_tryToInitializeQuartz ();
	#endif
	my yIsZeroAtTheTop = true;
	Graphics_init (me.get(), resolution);
	Graphics_setWsViewport (me.get(), 0.0, 100.0, 0.0, 100.0);
	GraphicsScreen_init (me.get(), display, window);
	return me.move();
}

autoGraphics Graphics_create_screenPrinter (void *display, void *window) {
	autoGraphicsScreen me = Thing_new (GraphicsScreen);
	my screen = true;
	my yIsZeroAtTheTop = true;
	my printer = true;
	#if cairo
		_GraphicsCairo_tryToInitializePango ();
	#elif gdi
		my d_useGdiplus = _GraphicsWindows_tryToInitializeGdiPlus ();
	#elif quartz
		_GraphicsMacintosh_tryToInitializeQuartz ();
	#endif
	Graphics_init (me.get(), thePrinter. resolution);
	my paperWidth = (double) thePrinter. paperWidth / thePrinter. resolution;
	my paperHeight = (double) thePrinter. paperHeight / thePrinter. resolution;
	//NSLog (@"Graphics_create_screenPrinter: %f %f", my paperWidth, my paperHeight);
	my d_x1DC = my d_x1DCmin = thePrinter. resolution / 2;
	my d_x2DC = my d_x2DCmax = (my paperWidth - 0.5) * thePrinter. resolution;
	my d_y1DC = my d_y1DCmin = thePrinter. resolution / 2;
	my d_y2DC = my d_y2DCmax = (my paperHeight - 0.5) * thePrinter. resolution;
	#if gdi
		/*
		 * Map page coordinates to paper coordinates.
		 */
		my d_x1DC -= GetDeviceCaps ((HDC) window, PHYSICALOFFSETX);
		my d_x2DC -= GetDeviceCaps ((HDC) window, PHYSICALOFFSETX);
		my d_y1DC -= GetDeviceCaps ((HDC) window, PHYSICALOFFSETY);
		my d_y2DC -= GetDeviceCaps ((HDC) window, PHYSICALOFFSETY);
	#endif
	Graphics_setWsWindow (me.get(), 0, my paperWidth - 1.0, 13.0 - my paperHeight, 12.0);
	GraphicsScreen_init (me.get(), display, window);
	return me.move();
}

autoGraphics Graphics_create_xmdrawingarea (GuiDrawingArea w) {
	trace (U"begin");
	autoGraphicsScreen me = Thing_new (GraphicsScreen);
	#if cairo && gtk
		GtkRequisition realsize;
		GtkAllocation allocation;
	#elif gdi
		Dimension width, height;
	#endif

	my d_drawingArea = static_cast <GuiDrawingArea> (w);   /* Now !!!!!!!!!! */
	Melder_assert (my d_drawingArea -> d_widget);
	my screen = true;
	my yIsZeroAtTheTop = true;
	#if cairo
		_GraphicsCairo_tryToInitializePango ();
	#elif gdi
		my d_useGdiplus = _GraphicsWindows_tryToInitializeGdiPlus ();
	#elif quartz
		_GraphicsMacintosh_tryToInitializeQuartz ();
	#endif
	#if cairo && gtk
		Graphics_init (me.get(), Gui_getResolution (my d_drawingArea -> d_widget));
		GraphicsScreen_init (me.get(), GTK_WIDGET (my d_drawingArea -> d_widget), GTK_WIDGET (my d_drawingArea -> d_widget));
	#elif gdi
		Graphics_init (me.get(), Gui_getResolution (my d_drawingArea -> d_widget));
		GraphicsScreen_init (me.get(), XtDisplay (my d_drawingArea -> d_widget), XtWindow (my d_drawingArea -> d_widget));
	#elif quartz
		Graphics_init (me.get(), Gui_getResolution (nullptr));
		GraphicsScreen_init (me.get(), my d_drawingArea -> d_widget, my d_drawingArea -> d_widget);
	#endif

	Melder_assert (w -> numberOfGraphicses < structGuiDrawingArea :: MAXIMUM_NUMBER_OF_GRAPHICSES);
	w -> graphicses [++ w -> numberOfGraphicses] = me.get();   // refer back

	#if cairo && gtk
		// fb: is really the request meant or rather the actual size, aka allocation?
		gtk_widget_size_request (GTK_WIDGET (my d_drawingArea -> d_widget), & realsize);
		gtk_widget_get_allocation (GTK_WIDGET (my d_drawingArea -> d_widget), & allocation);
		// HIER WAS IK
		trace (U"requested ", realsize.width, U" x ", realsize.height, U", allocated ", allocation.width, U" x ", allocation.height);
		Graphics_setWsViewport (me.get(), 0.0, realsize.width, 0.0, realsize.height);
	#elif gdi
		XtVaGetValues (my d_drawingArea -> d_widget, XmNwidth, & width, XmNheight, & height, nullptr);
		Graphics_setWsViewport (me.get(), 0.0, width, 0.0, height);
    #elif quartz
        NSView *view = (NSView *) my d_drawingArea -> d_widget;
        NSRect bounds = [view bounds];
        Graphics_setWsViewport (me.get(), 0.0, bounds.size.width, 0.0, bounds.size.height);
	#endif
	return me.move();
}

autoGraphics Graphics_create_pngfile (MelderFile file, int resolution,
	double x1inches, double x2inches, double y1inches, double y2inches)
{
	autoGraphicsScreen me = Thing_new (GraphicsScreen);
	my screen = true;
	my yIsZeroAtTheTop = true;
	#if cairo
		_GraphicsCairo_tryToInitializePango ();
	#elif gdi
		my d_useGdiplus = _GraphicsWindows_tryToInitializeGdiPlus ();
	#elif quartz
		_GraphicsMacintosh_tryToInitializeQuartz ();
	#endif
	Graphics_init (me.get(), resolution);
	my d_isPng = true;
	my d_file = *file;
	my d_x1DC = my d_x1DCmin = 0;
	my d_x2DC = my d_x2DCmax = (x2inches - x1inches) * resolution;
	my d_y1DC = my d_y1DCmin = 0;
	my d_y2DC = my d_y2DCmax = (y2inches - y1inches) * resolution;
	Graphics_setWsWindow (me.get(), x1inches, x2inches, y1inches, y2inches);
	#if cairo
		my d_cairoSurface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24,
			(x2inches - x1inches) * resolution, (y2inches - y1inches) * resolution);
		my d_cairoGraphicsContext = cairo_create (my d_cairoSurface);
		//cairo_scale (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, 72.0 / resolution, 72.0 / resolution);
		/*
			Fill in the whole area with a white background.
		*/
		cairo_set_source_rgb (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
		cairo_rectangle (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, 0, 0, my d_x2DC, my d_y2DC);
		cairo_fill (my d_cairoGraphicsContext);
		cairo_set_source_rgb (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
	#elif gdi
		my metafile = true;
		HDC screenDC = GetDC (nullptr);
		my d_gdiGraphicsContext = CreateCompatibleDC (screenDC);
		trace (U"d_gdiGraphicsContext ", Melder_pointer (my d_gdiGraphicsContext));
		Melder_assert (my d_gdiGraphicsContext);
		my d_gdiBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap (screenDC, (x2inches - x1inches) * resolution, (y2inches - y1inches) * resolution);
		trace (U"d_gdiBitmap ", Melder_pointer (my d_gdiBitmap));
		Melder_assert (my d_gdiBitmap);
		ReleaseDC (nullptr, screenDC);
		SelectObject (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my d_gdiBitmap);
		trace (U"bitmap selected into device context");
		my resolution = resolution;
		SetBkMode (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, TRANSPARENT);
		my d_winPen = CreatePen (PS_SOLID, 0, RGB (0, 0, 0));
		my d_winBrush = CreateSolidBrush (RGB (0, 0, 0));
		SetTextAlign (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, TA_LEFT | TA_BASELINE | TA_NOUPDATECP);
		/*
			Fill in the whole area with a white background.
		*/
		SelectPen (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockPen (NULL_PEN));
		SelectBrush (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockBrush (WHITE_BRUSH));
		Rectangle (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, 0, 0, my d_x2DC + 1, my d_y2DC + 1);   // plus 1, in order to prevent two black edges
		SelectPen (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockPen (BLACK_PEN));
		SelectBrush (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockBrush (NULL_BRUSH));
	#elif quartz
		integer width = (x2inches - x1inches) * resolution, height = (y2inches - y1inches) * resolution;
		integer stride = width * 4;
		stride = (stride + 15) & ~15;   // CommonCode/AppDrawing.c: "a multiple of 16 bytes, for best performance"
		my d_bits = Melder_malloc (uint8_t, stride * height);
		static CGColorSpaceRef colourSpace = nullptr;
		if (! colourSpace) {
			colourSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateWithName (kCGColorSpaceGenericRGB);
			Melder_assert (colourSpace);
		}
		my d_macGraphicsContext = CGBitmapContextCreate (my d_bits,
			width, height,
			8,   // bits per component
			stride,
			colourSpace,
			kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast);
    	if (! my d_macGraphicsContext)
			Melder_throw (U"Could not create PNG file ", file, U".");
		CGRect rect = CGRectMake (0, 0, width, height);
		CGContextSetAlpha (my d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0);
		CGContextSetBlendMode (my d_macGraphicsContext, kCGBlendModeNormal);
		CGContextSetRGBFillColor (my d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
		CGContextFillRect (my d_macGraphicsContext, rect);
		CGContextTranslateCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, 0, height);
		CGContextScaleCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0, -1.0);
	#endif
	return me.move();
}

autoGraphics Graphics_create_pdffile (MelderFile file, int resolution,
	double x1inches, double x2inches, double y1inches, double y2inches)
{
	autoGraphicsScreen me = Thing_new (GraphicsScreen);
	my screen = true;
	my yIsZeroAtTheTop = true;
	#if cairo
		_GraphicsCairo_tryToInitializePango ();
	#elif quartz
		_GraphicsMacintosh_tryToInitializeQuartz ();
	#endif
	Graphics_init (me.get(), resolution);
	#if cairo
		my d_cairoSurface = cairo_pdf_surface_create (Melder_peek32to8_fileSystem (file -> path),
			( isdefined (x1inches) ? x2inches - x1inches : x2inches ) * 72.0,
			( isdefined (y1inches) ? y2inches - y1inches : y2inches ) * 72.0);
		my d_cairoGraphicsContext = cairo_create (my d_cairoSurface);
		my d_x1DC = my d_x1DCmin = 0;
		my d_x2DC = my d_x2DCmax = ( isdefined (x1inches) ?  7.5 : x2inches ) * resolution;
		my d_y1DC = my d_y1DCmin = 0;
		my d_y2DC = my d_y2DCmax = ( isdefined (y1inches) ? 11.0 : y2inches ) * resolution;
		Graphics_setWsWindow (me.get(),
			isdefined (x1inches) ? 0.0 : 0.0, isdefined (x1inches) ?  7.5 : x2inches,
			isdefined (y1inches) ? 1.0 : 0.0, isdefined (y1inches) ? 12.0 : y2inches
		);
		cairo_scale (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, 72.0 / resolution, 72.0 / resolution);
		cairo_translate (my d_cairoGraphicsContext,
			( isdefined (x1inches) ? - x1inches : 0.0 ) * resolution,
			( isdefined (y1inches) ? (y2inches - 12.0) : 0.0 ) * resolution);
	#elif quartz
		CFURLRef url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath (nullptr, (CFStringRef) Melder_peek32toCfstring (file -> path), kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle, false);
		CGRect rect = CGRectMake (0, 0,
			( isdefined (x1inches) ? x2inches - x1inches : x2inches ) * 72.0,
			( isdefined (y1inches) ? y2inches - y1inches : y2inches ) * 72.0);   // don't tire PDF viewers with funny origins
		CFStringRef key = (CFStringRef) Melder_peek32toCfstring (U"Creator");
		CFStringRef value = (CFStringRef) Melder_peek32toCfstring (U"Praat");
		CFIndex numberOfValues = 1;
		CFDictionaryRef dictionary = CFDictionaryCreate (nullptr, (const void **) & key, (const void **) & value, numberOfValues,
			& kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, & kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
		my d_macGraphicsContext = CGPDFContextCreateWithURL (url, & rect, dictionary);
		CFRelease (url);
		CFRelease (dictionary);
    	if (! my d_macGraphicsContext)
			Melder_throw (U"Could not create PDF file ", file, U".");
		my d_x1DC = my d_x1DCmin = 0;
		my d_x2DC = my d_x2DCmax = ( isdefined (x1inches) ?  7.5 : x2inches ) * resolution;
		my d_y1DC = my d_y1DCmin = 0;
		my d_y2DC = my d_y2DCmax = ( isdefined (y1inches) ? 11.0 : y2inches ) * resolution;
		Graphics_setWsWindow (me.get(),
			( isdefined (x1inches) ? 0.0 : 0.0 ), ( isdefined (x1inches) ?  7.5 : x2inches ),
			( isdefined (y1inches) ? 1.0 : 0.0 ), ( isdefined (y1inches) ? 12.0 : y2inches ));
		CGContextBeginPage (my d_macGraphicsContext, & rect);
		CGContextScaleCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, 72.0 / resolution, 72.0 / resolution);
		CGContextTranslateCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext,
			( isdefined (x1inches) ? - x1inches : 0.0 ) * resolution,
			( isdefined (y1inches) ? (12.0 - y1inches) : y2inches ) * resolution);
		CGContextScaleCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0, -1.0);
	#endif
	return me.move();
}
autoGraphics Graphics_create_pdf (void *context, int resolution,
	double x1inches, double x2inches, double y1inches, double y2inches)
{
	autoGraphicsScreen me = Thing_new (GraphicsScreen);
	my screen = true;
	my yIsZeroAtTheTop = true;
	#if quartz
		_GraphicsMacintosh_tryToInitializeQuartz ();
	#endif
	Graphics_init (me.get(), resolution);
	#if quartz
		my d_macGraphicsContext = static_cast <CGContext *> (context);
		CGRect rect = CGRectMake (0, 0, (x2inches - x1inches) * 72, (y2inches - y1inches) * 72);   // don't tire PDF viewers with funny origins
		my d_x1DC = my d_x1DCmin = 0;
		my d_x2DC = my d_x2DCmax = 7.5 * resolution;
		my d_y1DC = my d_y1DCmin = 0;
		my d_y2DC = my d_y2DCmax = 11.0 * resolution;
		Graphics_setWsWindow (me.get(), 0, 7.5, 1.0, 12.0);
    	Melder_assert (my d_macGraphicsContext);
		CGContextBeginPage (my d_macGraphicsContext, & rect);
		CGContextScaleCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, 72.0 / resolution, 72.0 / resolution);
		CGContextTranslateCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, - x1inches * resolution, (12.0 - y1inches) * resolution);
		CGContextScaleCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0, -1.0);
	#endif
	return me.move();
}

#if cairo
	void *Graphics_x_getCR (Graphics me) {
		return ((GraphicsScreen) me) -> d_cairoGraphicsContext;
	}
	void Graphics_x_setCR (Graphics me, void *cairoGraphicsContext) {
		((GraphicsScreen) me) -> d_cairoGraphicsContext = (cairo_t *) cairoGraphicsContext;
	}
#endif

/* End of file GraphicsScreen.cpp */