/* Graphics_text.cpp
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1992-2011,2012,2013,2014 Paul Boersma, 2013 Tom Naughton
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
 * your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 */

/*
 * pb 2004/01/28 Windows: for PostScript, download Times New Roman instead of Times
 * pb 2004/02/02 Windows: my metafile instead of my printer for high resolution in metafiles and clipboards
 * pb 2004/02/04 EPS files: secondary fonts
 * pb 2004/03/13 EPS files: secondary font for Palatino as well
 * pb 2004/08/20 Windows EPS files: if "include fonts" is off, take SILDoulosIPA rather than SILDoulosIPA-Regular
 * pb 2004/10/24 better slant correction
 * pb 2004/11/28 Melder_debug == 15 to force bitmapped IPA
 * pb 2004/12/02 Linux: xipa support
 * pb 2005/02/03 TeX-xipa10-Praat-Regular
 * pb 2005/03/08 psEncoding; SILIPA93 encoding for Windows and Mac
 * pb 2005/03/15 find PostScript Courier with -p-
 * pb 2005/09/18 useSilipaPS, including bold
 * pb 2005/10/27 corrected character width for Symbol (should not depend on SILIPA setting)
 * pb 2005/11/11 Windows: font sizes up to 500
 * pb 2006/10/20 links are recorded in DC (no longer WC)
 * pb 2007/06/11 wchar_t
 * pb 2007/08/01 reintroduced yIsZeroAtTheTop
 * pb 2007/08/25 use Charis SIL or Doulos SIL rather than SILDoulos IPA93
 * pb 2007/09/29 correct counting of UTF-8 bytes
 * pb 2007/12/09 enums
 * pb 2008/03/24 cairo
 * pb 2009/03/14 switched kerning off
 * pb 2009/09/17 made Quartz part resistant against missing QuickDraw IPA font
 * pb 2010/05/13 support for XOR mode via GDK
 * pb 2010/06/29 Mac: handle missing phonetic fonts better
 * pb 2010/07/13 cairo: rotated text
 * pb 2011/03/17 C++
 */

#include <ctype.h>
#include "UnicodeData.h"
#include "GraphicsP.h"
#include "longchar.h"
#include "Printer.h"

extern const char * ipaSerifRegularPS [];
extern const char * ipaSerifRegular24 [1 + 255-33+1 + 1] [24 + 1];

/*
 * When computing the width of a text by adding the widths of the separate characters,
 * we will make a correction for systems that make slanted characters overlap the character box to their right.
 * The effect is especially strong on Mac (older versions).
 * The slant correction is taken relative to the font size.
 */
#define POSTSCRIPT_SLANT_CORRECTION  0.1
#define SLANT_CORRECTION  POSTSCRIPT_SLANT_CORRECTION

/*
 * The Praat PostScript and the Mac character encodings have fi and fl ligature symbols.
 * The ISO8859-1 character encoding, which is used on Xwin and Win, has not.
 */
#if mac
	#define HAS_FI_AND_FL_LIGATURES  TRUE
#else
	#define HAS_FI_AND_FL_LIGATURES  ( my postScript == TRUE )
#endif

#if win
	#define win_MAXIMUM_FONT_SIZE  500
	static HFONT screenFonts [1 + kGraphics_font_DINGBATS] [1+win_MAXIMUM_FONT_SIZE] [1 + Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC];
	static HFONT printerFonts [1 + kGraphics_font_DINGBATS] [1+win_MAXIMUM_FONT_SIZE] [1 + Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC];
	static int ipaAvailable = FALSE;
	static int win_size2isize (int size) { return size > win_MAXIMUM_FONT_SIZE ? win_MAXIMUM_FONT_SIZE : size; }
	static int win_isize2size (int isize) { return isize; }
#elif mac
	#include "macport_on.h"
    #if useCarbon
        #include <Carbon/Carbon.h>
    #endif
	#include "macport_off.h"
	#if useCarbon
		static ATSFontRef theTimesAtsuiFont, theHelveticaAtsuiFont, theCourierAtsuiFont, theSymbolAtsuiFont,
			thePalatinoAtsuiFont, theIpaTimesAtsuiFont, theIpaPalatinoAtsuiFont, theZapfDingbatsAtsuiFont, theArabicAtsuiFont;
	#else
		static bool hasTimes, hasHelvetica, hasCourier, hasSymbol, hasPalatino, hasDoulos, hasCharis, hasIpaSerif;
	#endif
	static CTFontRef theScreenFonts [1 + kGraphics_font_DINGBATS] [1 + Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC];
	static RGBColor theWhiteColour = { 0xFFFF, 0xFFFF, 0xFFFF }, theBlueColour = { 0, 0, 0xFFFF };
#endif

#if win
static bool charisAvailable = false, doulosAvailable = false;
static int CALLBACK fontFuncEx_charis (const LOGFONTW *oldLogFont, const TEXTMETRICW *oldTextMetric, unsigned long fontType, LPARAM lparam) {
	const LPENUMLOGFONTW logFont = (LPENUMLOGFONTW) oldLogFont; (void) oldTextMetric; (void) fontType; (void) lparam;
	charisAvailable = TRUE;
	return 1;
}
static int CALLBACK fontFuncEx_doulos (const LOGFONTW *oldLogFont, const TEXTMETRICW *oldTextMetric, unsigned long fontType, LPARAM lparam) {
	const LPENUMLOGFONTW logFont = (LPENUMLOGFONTW) oldLogFont; (void) oldTextMetric; (void) fontType; (void) lparam;
	doulosAvailable = TRUE;
	return 1;
}
static HFONT loadFont (GraphicsScreen me, int font, int size, int style) {
	LOGFONTW spec;
	static int ipaInited;
	if (my printer || my metafile) {
		spec. lfHeight = - win_isize2size (size) * my resolution / 72.0;
	} else {
		spec. lfHeight = - win_isize2size (size) * my resolution / 72.0;
	}
	spec. lfWidth = 0;
	spec. lfEscapement = spec. lfOrientation = 0;
	spec. lfWeight = style & Graphics_BOLD ? FW_BOLD : 0;
	spec. lfItalic = style & Graphics_ITALIC ? 1 : 0;
	spec. lfUnderline = spec. lfStrikeOut = 0;
	spec. lfCharSet = font == kGraphics_font_SYMBOL ? SYMBOL_CHARSET : font >= kGraphics_font_IPATIMES ? DEFAULT_CHARSET : ANSI_CHARSET;
	spec. lfOutPrecision = spec. lfClipPrecision = spec. lfQuality = 0;
	spec. lfPitchAndFamily =
		( font == kGraphics_font_COURIER ? FIXED_PITCH : font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES ? DEFAULT_PITCH : VARIABLE_PITCH ) |
		( font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA ? FF_SWISS : font == kGraphics_font_COURIER ? FF_MODERN :
		  font >= kGraphics_font_IPATIMES ? FF_DONTCARE : FF_ROMAN );
	if (font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES && ! ipaInited && Melder_debug != 15) {
		LOGFONTW logFont;
		logFont. lfCharSet = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
		logFont. lfPitchAndFamily = 0;
		wcscpy (logFont. lfFaceName, L"Charis SIL");
		EnumFontFamiliesExW (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, & logFont, fontFuncEx_charis, 0, 0);
		wcscpy (logFont. lfFaceName, L"Doulos SIL");
		EnumFontFamiliesExW (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, & logFont, fontFuncEx_doulos, 0, 0);
		ipaInited = TRUE;
		if (! charisAvailable && ! doulosAvailable) {
			/* BUG: The next warning may cause reentry of drawing (on window exposure) and lead to crash. Some code must be non-reentrant !! */
			Melder_warning (L"The phonetic font is not available.\nSeveral characters will not look correct.\nSee www.praat.org");
		} else {
			ipaAvailable = true;
		}
	}
	wcscpy (spec. lfFaceName,
		font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA ? L"Arial" :
		font == kGraphics_font_TIMES     ? L"Times New Roman" :
		font == kGraphics_font_COURIER   ? L"Courier New" :
		font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO  ? L"Book Antiqua" :
		font == kGraphics_font_SYMBOL    ? L"Symbol" :
		font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES  ? ( doulosAvailable && style == 0 ? L"Doulos SIL" : charisAvailable ? L"Charis SIL" : L"Times New Roman" ) :
		font == kGraphics_font_DINGBATS  ? L"Wingdings" :
		L"");
	return CreateFontIndirectW (& spec);
}
#endif

static void charSize (I, _Graphics_widechar *lc) {
	iam (Graphics);
	if (my screen) {
		iam (GraphicsScreen);
		#if cairo
			if (my duringXor) {
				Longchar_Info info = Longchar_getInfoFromNative (lc -> kar);
				int normalSize = my fontSize * my resolution / 72.0;
				int smallSize = (3 * normalSize + 2) / 4;
				int size = lc -> size < 100 ? smallSize : normalSize;
				lc -> width = 10;
				lc -> baseline *= my fontSize * 0.01;
				lc -> code = lc -> kar;
				lc -> font.string = NULL;
				lc -> font.integer = 0;
				lc -> size = size;
			} else {
				if (my d_cairoGraphicsContext == NULL) return;
				Longchar_Info info = Longchar_getInfoFromNative (lc -> kar);
				int font, size, style;
				int normalSize = my fontSize * my resolution / 72.0;
				int smallSize = (3 * normalSize + 2) / 4;
				size = lc -> size < 100 ? smallSize : normalSize;
				cairo_text_extents_t extents;

				enum _cairo_font_slant slant   = (lc -> style & Graphics_ITALIC ? CAIRO_FONT_SLANT_ITALIC : CAIRO_FONT_SLANT_NORMAL);
				enum _cairo_font_weight weight = (lc -> style & Graphics_BOLD   ? CAIRO_FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD  : CAIRO_FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL);

				cairo_set_font_size (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, size);
				
				font = info -> alphabet == Longchar_SYMBOL ? kGraphics_font_SYMBOL :
					   info -> alphabet == Longchar_PHONETIC ? kGraphics_font_IPATIMES :
					   info -> alphabet == Longchar_DINGBATS ? kGraphics_font_DINGBATS : lc -> font.integer;

				switch (font) {
					case kGraphics_font_HELVETICA: cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Helvetica", slant, weight); break;
					case kGraphics_font_TIMES:     cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Times New Roman", slant, weight); break;
					case kGraphics_font_COURIER:   cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Courier", slant, weight); break;
					case kGraphics_font_PALATINO:  cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Palatino", slant, weight); break;
					case kGraphics_font_SYMBOL:    cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Symbol", slant, weight); break;
					case kGraphics_font_IPATIMES:  cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Doulos SIL", slant, weight); break;
					case kGraphics_font_DINGBATS:  cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Dingbats", slant, weight); break;
					default:                       cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Sans", slant, weight); break;
				}
				wchar_t buffer [2] = { lc -> kar, 0 };
				cairo_text_extents (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, Melder_peekWcsToUtf8 (buffer), & extents);
				lc -> width = extents.x_advance;
				lc -> baseline *= my fontSize * 0.01;
				lc -> code = lc -> kar;
				lc -> font.string = NULL;
				lc -> font.integer = font;
				lc -> size = size;
			}
		#elif win
			Longchar_Info info = Longchar_getInfoFromNative (lc -> kar);
			int font, size, style;
			HFONT fontInfo;
			int normalSize = win_size2isize (my fontSize);
			int smallSize = (3 * normalSize + 2) / 4;
			font = info -> alphabet == Longchar_SYMBOL ? kGraphics_font_SYMBOL :
			       info -> alphabet == Longchar_PHONETIC ? kGraphics_font_IPATIMES :
			       info -> alphabet == Longchar_DINGBATS ? kGraphics_font_DINGBATS : lc -> font.integer;
			size = lc -> size < 100 ? smallSize : normalSize;
			style = lc -> style & (Graphics_ITALIC | Graphics_BOLD);   // take out Graphics_CODE
			fontInfo = my printer || my metafile ? printerFonts [font] [size] [style] : screenFonts [font] [size] [style];
			if (! fontInfo) {
				fontInfo = loadFont (me, font, size, style);
				if (! fontInfo) return;
				if (my printer || my metafile) {
					printerFonts [font] [size] [style] = fontInfo;
				} else {
					screenFonts [font] [size] [style] = fontInfo;
				}
			}
			if (font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES && ! ipaAvailable) {
				int overstrike = ipaSerifRegular24 [info -> psEncoding - 32] [0] [0] == 'o';
				lc -> code = info -> psEncoding;
				if (overstrike)
					lc -> width = 0;
				else
					lc -> width = strlen (ipaSerifRegular24 [info -> psEncoding - 32] [0]);
			} else {
				SIZE extent;
				wchar_t code;
				lc -> code = font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES || font == kGraphics_font_TIMES || font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA || font == kGraphics_font_COURIER ? (unsigned short) lc -> kar : info -> winEncoding;
				if (lc -> code == 0) {
					_Graphics_widechar *lc2;
					if (lc -> kar == UNICODE_LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SCHWA_WITH_HOOK) {
						info = Longchar_getInfo ('s', 'w');
						lc -> kar = info -> unicode;
						lc -> code = info -> winEncoding;
						for (lc2 = lc + 1; lc2 -> kar != '\0'; lc2 ++) { }
						lc2 [1]. kar = '\0';
						while (lc2 - lc > 0) { lc2 [0] = lc2 [-1]; lc2 --; }
						lc [1]. kar = UNICODE_MODIFIER_LETTER_RHOTIC_HOOK;
					} else if (lc -> kar == UNICODE_LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_L_WITH_MIDDLE_TILDE) {
						info = Longchar_getInfo ('l', ' ');
						lc -> kar = info -> unicode;
						lc -> code = info -> winEncoding;
						for (lc2 = lc + 1; lc2 -> kar != '\0'; lc2 ++) { }
						lc2 [1]. kar = '\0';
						while (lc2 - lc > 0) { lc2 [0] = lc2 [-1]; lc2 --; }
						lc [1]. kar = UNICODE_COMBINING_TILDE_OVERLAY;
					}
				}
				SelectFont (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, fontInfo);
				GetTextExtentPoint32W (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, (code = (unsigned short) lc -> code, & code), 1, & extent);   // UTF-32 BUG
				lc -> width = extent. cx;
			}
			lc -> baseline *= my fontSize * 0.01 * my resolution / 72.0;
			lc -> font.string = NULL;
			lc -> font.integer = font;   // kGraphics_font_HELVETICA .. kGraphics_font_DINGBATS
			lc -> size = size;   // 0..4 instead of 10..24
			lc -> style = style;   // without Graphics_CODE
		#elif cocoa
			/*
			 * Determine the font family.
			 */
			Longchar_Info info = Longchar_getInfoFromNative (lc -> kar);
			int font =
				info -> alphabet == Longchar_SYMBOL ? kGraphics_font_SYMBOL :
				info -> alphabet == Longchar_PHONETIC ?
					( my font == kGraphics_font_TIMES ?
						( hasDoulos ?
							( lc -> style == 0 ?
								kGraphics_font_IPATIMES :
								kGraphics_font_IPAPALATINO   // other styles in Charis, because Doulos has no bold or italic
							) :
						  hasCharis ?
							kGraphics_font_IPAPALATINO :
							kGraphics_font_TIMES   // on newer systems, Times and Times New Roman have a lot of phonetic characters
						) :
					  my font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA || my font == kGraphics_font_COURIER ?
						my font :   // sans serif or wide, so fall back on Lucida Grande for phonetic characters
					  /* my font must be kGraphics_font_PALATINO */
					  hasCharis ?
						kGraphics_font_IPAPALATINO :
					  hasDoulos ?
					    ( lc -> style == 0 ?
							kGraphics_font_IPATIMES :
							kGraphics_font_TIMES
						) :
						kGraphics_font_PALATINO
					) :
				lc -> kar == '/' ?
					kGraphics_font_PALATINO :   // override Courier
				info -> alphabet == Longchar_DINGBATS ?
					kGraphics_font_DINGBATS :
				lc -> font.integer == kGraphics_font_COURIER ?
					kGraphics_font_COURIER :
				my font == kGraphics_font_TIMES ?
					( hasDoulos ?
						( lc -> style == 0 ?
							kGraphics_font_IPATIMES :
							kGraphics_font_TIMES 
						) :
						kGraphics_font_TIMES
					) :   // needed for correct placement of diacritics
				my font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA ?
					kGraphics_font_HELVETICA :
				my font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO ?
					( hasCharis ?
						kGraphics_font_IPAPALATINO :
						kGraphics_font_PALATINO
					) :
				my font;   // why not lc -> font.integer?
			Melder_assert (font >= 0 && font <= kGraphics_font_DINGBATS);
			lc -> font.string = NULL;   // this erases font.integer!

			/*
			 * Determine the style.
			 */
			int style = lc -> style;
			Melder_assert (style >= 0 && style <= Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC);

			/*
			 * Determine the font-style combination.
			 */
			CTFontRef ctFont = theScreenFonts [font] [style];
			if (ctFont == NULL) {
				CTFontSymbolicTraits ctStyle = ( style & Graphics_BOLD ? kCTFontBoldTrait : 0 ) | ( lc -> style & Graphics_ITALIC ? kCTFontItalicTrait : 0 );
				NSMutableDictionary *styleDict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity: 1];
				[styleDict   setObject: [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt: ctStyle]   forKey: (id) kCTFontSymbolicTrait];
				NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity: 2];
				[attributes   setObject: styleDict   forKey: (id) kCTFontTraitsAttribute];
				switch (font) {
					case kGraphics_font_TIMES:       { [attributes   setObject: @"Times"           forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_HELVETICA:   { [attributes   setObject: @"Arial"           forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_COURIER:     { [attributes   setObject: @"Courier New"     forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_PALATINO:    { [attributes   setObject: @"Palatino"        forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_SYMBOL:      { [attributes   setObject: @"Symbol"          forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_IPATIMES:    { [attributes   setObject: @"Doulos SIL"      forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_IPAPALATINO: { [attributes   setObject: @"Charis SIL"      forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_DINGBATS:    { [attributes   setObject: @"Zapf Dingbats"   forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
				}
 				CTFontDescriptorRef ctFontDescriptor = CTFontDescriptorCreateWithAttributes ((CFMutableDictionaryRef) attributes);
				[styleDict release];
				[attributes release];
				ctFont = CTFontCreateWithFontDescriptor (ctFontDescriptor, 100.0, NULL);
				CFRelease (ctFontDescriptor);
 				theScreenFonts [font] [style] = ctFont;
			}

			int normalSize = my fontSize * my resolution / 72.0;
			lc -> size = lc -> size < 100 ? (3 * normalSize + 2) / 4 : normalSize;
        
			uint16_t codes16 [2];
			int nchars = 1;
			if (lc -> kar > 0xFFFF) {
				MelderUtf32 kar = lc -> kar - 0x10000;
				codes16 [0] = 0xD800 + (kar >> 10);
				codes16 [1] = 0xDC00 + (kar & 0x3FF);
				nchars = 2;
			} else {
				codes16 [0] = lc -> kar;
			}
			NSString *s = [[NSString alloc]
				initWithBytes: codes16
				length: nchars * 2
				encoding: NSUTF16LittleEndianStringEncoding   // BUG: should be NSUTF16NativeStringEncoding, except that that doesn't exist
				];
			//CGContextRef context = (CGContextRef) [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
			//NSCAssert (context, @"nil context");

			//[NSGraphicsContext setCurrentContext: my d_macGraphicsContext];
			//Melder_assert (my d_macGraphicsContext != NULL);
			//Melder_assert (context == my d_macGraphicsContext);
			//CGContextSaveGState (context);
			//CGContextSetTextMatrix (context, CGAffineTransformIdentity);   // this could set the "current context" for CoreText

			CFRange textRange = CFRangeMake (0, [s length]);

			CFMutableAttributedStringRef string = CFAttributedStringCreateMutable (kCFAllocatorDefault, [s length]);
			CFAttributedStringReplaceString (string, CFRangeMake (0, 0), (CFStringRef) s);
			CFAttributedStringSetAttribute (string, textRange, kCTFontAttributeName, ctFont);

			/*
			 * Measure.
			 */

            // Create a path to render text in
			CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable ();
			NSRect measureRect = NSMakeRect (0, 0, CGFLOAT_MAX, CGFLOAT_MAX);
			CGPathAddRect (path, NULL, (CGRect) measureRect);
        
			CTFramesetterRef framesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString ((CFAttributedStringRef) string);
			CFRange fitRange;
			CGSize targetSize = CGSizeMake (lc -> width, CGFLOAT_MAX);
			CGSize frameSize = CTFramesetterSuggestFrameSizeWithConstraints (framesetter, textRange, NULL, targetSize, & fitRange);
			CFRelease (framesetter);
			CFRelease (string);
			[s release];
			CFRelease (path);
            //CGContextRestoreGState (context);

			bool isDiacritic = info -> ps.times == 0;
			lc -> width = isDiacritic ? 0.0 : frameSize.width * lc -> size / 100.0;
			lc -> baseline *= 0.01 * normalSize;
			lc -> code = lc -> kar;
			lc -> font.integer = font;
		#elif mac
			Longchar_Info info = Longchar_getInfoFromNative (lc -> kar);
			int normalSize = my fontSize * my resolution / 72.0;
			lc -> size = lc -> size < 100 ? (3 * normalSize + 2) / 4 : /*lc -> size > 100 ? 1.2 * normalSize :*/ normalSize;
			lc -> baseline *= 0.01 * normalSize;
			long saveFont = lc -> font.integer;   // save!
			lc -> font.string = NULL;   // this erases font.integer!
			ATSFontRef atsuiFont =
				info -> alphabet == Longchar_SYMBOL ? theSymbolAtsuiFont :
				info -> alphabet == Longchar_PHONETIC ? ( my font == kGraphics_font_TIMES && lc -> style == 0 ? theIpaTimesAtsuiFont : theIpaPalatinoAtsuiFont ) :
				lc -> kar == '/' ? thePalatinoAtsuiFont :   /* Override Courier. */
				info -> alphabet == Longchar_DINGBATS ? theZapfDingbatsAtsuiFont:
				saveFont == kGraphics_font_COURIER ? theCourierAtsuiFont :
				my font == kGraphics_font_TIMES ? theTimesAtsuiFont :
				my font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA ? theHelveticaAtsuiFont :
				my font == kGraphics_font_COURIER ? theCourierAtsuiFont : theTimesAtsuiFont;
			Melder_assert (atsuiFont != 0);
			lc -> font.integer = (long) atsuiFont;
			//CTFontRef ctFont = CTFontCreateWithName (CFSTR("Times"), 48, NULL);
			lc -> code = lc -> kar;
			if (lc -> code == 0) {
				_Graphics_widechar *lc2;
				if (lc -> kar == UNICODE_LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SCHWA_WITH_HOOK) {
					info = Longchar_getInfo ('s', 'w');
					lc -> kar = info -> unicode;
					lc -> code = info -> unicode;
					for (lc2 = lc + 1; lc2 -> kar != '\0'; lc2 ++) { }
					lc2 [1]. kar = '\0';
					while (lc2 - lc > 0) { lc2 [0] = lc2 [-1]; lc2 --; }
					lc [1]. kar = UNICODE_MODIFIER_LETTER_RHOTIC_HOOK;
				} else if (lc -> kar == UNICODE_LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_L_WITH_MIDDLE_TILDE) {
					info = Longchar_getInfo ('l', ' ');
					lc -> kar = info -> unicode;
					lc -> code = info -> unicode;
					for (lc2 = lc + 1; lc2 -> kar != '\0'; lc2 ++) { }
					lc2 [1]. kar = '\0';
					while (lc2 - lc > 0) { lc2 [0] = lc2 [-1]; lc2 --; }
					lc [1]. kar = UNICODE_COMBINING_TILDE_OVERLAY;
				}
			}
			/*
			 * Define the text layout.
			 */
			static ATSUTextLayout textLayout;
			if (textLayout == NULL) {
				OSStatus err = ATSUCreateTextLayout (& textLayout);
				if (err != 0) Melder_fatal ("Graphics_text/ATSUCreateTextLayout: unknown MacOS error %d.", (int) err);
			}
			uint16_t code16 [2];
			if (lc -> kar <= 0xFFFF) {
				code16 [0] = lc -> kar;
				OSStatus err = ATSUSetTextPointerLocation (textLayout, & code16 [0], kATSUFromTextBeginning, kATSUToTextEnd, 1);   // BUG: not 64-bit
				if (err != 0) Melder_fatal ("Graphics_text/ATSUSetTextPointerLocation low Unicode: unknown MacOS error %d.", (int) err);
			} else {
				MelderUtf32 kar = lc -> kar - 0x10000;
				code16 [0] = 0xD800 + (kar >> 10);
				code16 [1] = 0xDC00 + (kar & 0x3FF);
				OSStatus err = ATSUSetTextPointerLocation (textLayout, & code16 [0], kATSUFromTextBeginning, kATSUToTextEnd, 2);   // BUG: not 64-bit
				if (err != 0) Melder_fatal ("Graphics_text/ATSUSetTextPointerLocation high Unicode: unknown MacOS error %d.", (int) err);
			}
			static ATSUFontFallbacks fontFallbacks = NULL;
			if (fontFallbacks == NULL) {
				ATSUCreateFontFallbacks (& fontFallbacks);
				ATSUSetObjFontFallbacks (fontFallbacks, 0, NULL, kATSUDefaultFontFallbacks);
			}
			ATSUAttributeTag attributeTags [] = { kATSUCGContextTag, kATSULineFontFallbacksTag };
			ByteCount valueSizes [] = { sizeof (CGContextRef), sizeof (ATSUFontFallbacks) };
			ATSUAttributeValuePtr values [] = { & my d_macGraphicsContext, & fontFallbacks };
			ATSUSetLayoutControls (textLayout, 2, attributeTags, valueSizes, values);
			ATSUSetTransientFontMatching (textLayout, true);
			/*
			 * Set styles: font, size, colour, bold, italic.
			 */
			static ATSUStyle atsuStyle;
			if (atsuStyle == NULL) {
				ATSUCreateStyle (& atsuStyle);
			}
			Fixed fontSize = lc -> size << 16;
			Boolean boldStyle = (lc -> style & Graphics_BOLD) != 0;
			Boolean italicStyle = (lc -> style & Graphics_ITALIC) != 0;
			ATSUAttributeTag styleAttributeTags [] = { kATSUFontTag, kATSUSizeTag, kATSUColorTag, kATSUQDBoldfaceTag, kATSUQDItalicTag };
			ByteCount styleValueSizes [] = { sizeof (ATSUFontID), sizeof (Fixed), sizeof (RGBColor), sizeof (Boolean), sizeof (Boolean) };
			ATSUAttributeValuePtr styleValues [] = { & atsuiFont, & fontSize, lc -> link ? & theBlueColour : & my d_macColour, & boldStyle, & italicStyle };
			ATSUSetAttributes (atsuStyle, 5, styleAttributeTags, styleValueSizes, styleValues);
			ATSUSetRunStyle (textLayout, atsuStyle, 0, 1);
			ATSUTextMeasurement textBefore, textAfter, ascent, descent;
			ATSUGetUnjustifiedBounds (textLayout, kATSUFromTextBeginning, kATSUToTextEnd, & textBefore, & textAfter, & ascent, & descent);
			lc -> width = textAfter / 65536.0;
		#endif
	} else if (my postScript) {
		iam (GraphicsPostscript);
		int normalSize = (int) ((double) my fontSize * (double) my resolution / 72.0);
		Longchar_Info info = Longchar_getInfoFromNative (lc -> kar);
		int font = info -> alphabet == Longchar_SYMBOL ? kGraphics_font_SYMBOL :
				info -> alphabet == Longchar_PHONETIC ? kGraphics_font_IPATIMES :
				info -> alphabet == Longchar_DINGBATS ? kGraphics_font_DINGBATS : lc -> font.integer;
		int style = lc -> style == Graphics_ITALIC ? Graphics_ITALIC :
			lc -> style == Graphics_BOLD || lc -> link ? Graphics_BOLD :
			lc -> style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC : 0;
		if (! my fontInfos [font] [style]) {
			const char *fontInfo, *secondaryFontInfo = NULL, *tertiaryFontInfo = NULL;
			if (font == kGraphics_font_COURIER) {
				fontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "Courier-Bold" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "Courier-Oblique" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "Courier-BoldOblique" : "Courier";
				secondaryFontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "CourierNewPS-BoldMT" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "CourierNewPS-ItalicMT" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "CourierNewPS-BoldItalicMT" : "CourierNewPSMT";
				tertiaryFontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "CourierNew-Bold" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "CourierNew-Italic" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "CourierNew-BoldItalic" : "CourierNew";
			} else if (font == kGraphics_font_TIMES) {
				fontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "Times-Bold" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "Times-Italic" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "Times-BoldItalic" : "Times-Roman";
				secondaryFontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT" : "TimesNewRomanPSMT";
				tertiaryFontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "TimesNewRoman-Bold" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "TimesNewRoman-Italic" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "TimesNewRoman-BoldItalic" : "TimesNewRoman";
			} else if (font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO) {
				fontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "Palatino-Bold" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "Palatino-Italic" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "Palatino-BoldItalic" : "Palatino-Roman";
				secondaryFontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "BookAntiquaPS-BoldMT" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "BookAntiquaPS-ItalicMT" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "BookAntiquaPS-BoldItalicMT" : "BookAntiquaPSMT";
				tertiaryFontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "BookAntiqua-Bold" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "BookAntiqua-Italic" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "BookAntiqua-BoldItalic" : "BookAntiqua";
			} else if (font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES) {
				if (my includeFonts && ! my loadedXipa) {
					const char **p;
					for (p = & ipaSerifRegularPS [0]; *p; p ++)
						my d_printf (my d_file, "%s", *p);
					my loadedXipa = TRUE;
				}
				fontInfo = my useSilipaPS ?
					(style == Graphics_BOLD || style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "SILDoulosIPA93Bold" : "SILDoulosIPA93Regular") :
					"TeX-xipa10-Praat-Regular";
			} else if (font == kGraphics_font_SYMBOL) {
				fontInfo = "Symbol";
			} else if (font == kGraphics_font_DINGBATS) {
				fontInfo = "ZapfDingbats";
			} else {
				fontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "Helvetica-Bold" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "Helvetica-Oblique" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "Helvetica-BoldOblique" : "Helvetica";
				secondaryFontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "Arial-BoldMT" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "Arial-ItalicMT" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "Arial-BoldItalicMT" : "ArialMT";
				tertiaryFontInfo = style == Graphics_BOLD ? "Arial-Bold" :
					style == Graphics_ITALIC ? "Arial-Italic" :
					style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? "Arial-BoldItalic" : "Arial";
			}
			my fontInfos [font] [style] = Melder_malloc_f (char, 100);
			if (font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES || font == kGraphics_font_SYMBOL || font == kGraphics_font_DINGBATS) {
				strcpy (my fontInfos [font] [style], fontInfo);
			} else {
				sprintf (my fontInfos [font] [style], "%s-Praat", fontInfo);
				if (thePrinter. fontChoiceStrategy == kGraphicsPostscript_fontChoiceStrategy_LINOTYPE) {
					my d_printf (my d_file, "/%s /%s-Praat PraatEncode\n", fontInfo, fontInfo);
				} else if (thePrinter. fontChoiceStrategy == kGraphicsPostscript_fontChoiceStrategy_MONOTYPE) {
					my d_printf (my d_file, "/%s /%s-Praat PraatEncode\n", tertiaryFontInfo, fontInfo);
				} else if (thePrinter. fontChoiceStrategy == kGraphicsPostscript_fontChoiceStrategy_PS_MONOTYPE) {
					my d_printf (my d_file, "/%s /%s-Praat PraatEncode\n", secondaryFontInfo, fontInfo);
				} else {
					/* Automatic font choice strategy. */
					if (secondaryFontInfo != NULL) {
						my d_printf (my d_file,
							"/%s /Font resourcestatus\n"
							"{ pop pop /%s /%s-Praat PraatEncode }\n"
							"{ /%s /%s-Praat PraatEncode }\n"
							"ifelse\n",
							secondaryFontInfo, secondaryFontInfo, fontInfo, fontInfo, fontInfo);
					} else {
						my d_printf (my d_file, "/%s /%s-Praat PraatEncode\n", fontInfo, fontInfo);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		lc -> font.integer = 0;
		lc -> font.string = my fontInfos [font] [style];

		/*
		 * Convert size and baseline information to device coordinates.
		 */
		lc -> size *= normalSize * 0.01;
		lc -> baseline *= normalSize * 0.01;

		if (font == kGraphics_font_COURIER) {
			lc -> width = 600;   // Courier
		} else if (style == 0) {
			if (font == kGraphics_font_TIMES) lc -> width = info -> ps.times;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA) lc -> width = info -> ps.helvetica;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO) lc -> width = info -> ps.palatino;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_SYMBOL) lc -> width = info -> ps.times;
			else if (my useSilipaPS) lc -> width = info -> ps.timesItalic;
			else lc -> width = info -> ps.times;   // XIPA
		} else if (style == Graphics_BOLD) {
			if (font == kGraphics_font_TIMES) lc -> width = info -> ps.timesBold;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA) lc -> width = info -> ps.helveticaBold;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO) lc -> width = info -> ps.palatinoBold;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_SYMBOL) lc -> width = info -> ps.times;
			else if (my useSilipaPS) lc -> width = info -> ps.timesBoldItalic;
			else lc -> width = info -> ps.times;   // Symbol, IPA
		} else if (style == Graphics_ITALIC) {
			if (font == kGraphics_font_TIMES) lc -> width = info -> ps.timesItalic;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA) lc -> width = info -> ps.helvetica;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO) lc -> width = info -> ps.palatinoItalic;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_SYMBOL) lc -> width = info -> ps.times;
			else if (my useSilipaPS) lc -> width = info -> ps.timesItalic;
			else lc -> width = info -> ps.times;   // Symbol, IPA
		} else if (style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC) {
			if (font == kGraphics_font_TIMES) lc -> width = info -> ps.timesBoldItalic;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA) lc -> width = info -> ps.helveticaBold;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO) lc -> width = info -> ps.palatinoBoldItalic;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_SYMBOL) lc -> width = info -> ps.times;
			else if (my useSilipaPS) lc -> width = info -> ps.timesBoldItalic;
			else lc -> width = info -> ps.times;   // Symbol, IPA
		}
		lc -> width *= lc -> size / 1000.0;
		lc -> code = font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES && my useSilipaPS ? info -> macEncoding : info -> psEncoding;
		if (lc -> code == 0) {
			_Graphics_widechar *lc2;
			if (lc -> kar == UNICODE_LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SCHWA_WITH_HOOK) {
				info = Longchar_getInfo ('s', 'w');
				lc -> kar = info -> unicode;
				lc -> code = info -> macEncoding;
				lc -> width = info -> ps.timesItalic * lc -> size / 1000.0;
				for (lc2 = lc + 1; lc2 -> kar != '\0'; lc2 ++) { }
				lc2 [1]. kar = '\0';
				while (lc2 - lc > 0) { lc2 [0] = lc2 [-1]; lc2 --; }
				lc [1]. kar = UNICODE_MODIFIER_LETTER_RHOTIC_HOOK;
			} else if (lc -> kar == UNICODE_LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_L_WITH_MIDDLE_TILDE) {
				info = Longchar_getInfo ('l', ' ');
				lc -> code = info -> macEncoding;
				lc -> kar = info -> unicode;
				lc -> width = info -> ps.timesItalic * lc -> size / 1000.0;
				for (lc2 = lc + 1; lc2 -> kar != '\0'; lc2 ++) { }
				lc2 [1]. kar = '\0';
				while (lc2 - lc > 0) { lc2 [0] = lc2 [-1]; lc2 --; }
				lc [1]. kar = UNICODE_COMBINING_TILDE_OVERLAY;
			}
		}
	}
}

static void charDraw (I, int xDC, int yDC, _Graphics_widechar *lc,
	const wchar_t *codes, const char *codes8, const MelderUtf16 *codes16, int nchars, int width)
{
	iam (Graphics);
	//Melder_casual ("nchars %d first %d %c rightToLeft %d", nchars, lc->kar, lc -> kar, lc->rightToLeft);
	if (my postScript) {
		iam (GraphicsPostscript);
		bool onlyRegular = lc -> font.string [0] == 'S' ||
			(lc -> font.string [0] == 'T' && lc -> font.string [1] == 'e');   // Symbol & SILDoulos !
		int slant = (lc -> style & Graphics_ITALIC) && onlyRegular;
		int thick = (lc -> style & Graphics_BOLD) && onlyRegular;
		if (lc -> font.string != my lastFid || lc -> size != my lastSize)
			my d_printf (my d_file, my languageLevel == 1 ? "/%s %d FONT\n" : "/%s %d selectfont\n",
				my lastFid = lc -> font.string, my lastSize = lc -> size);
		if (lc -> link) my d_printf (my d_file, "0 0 1 setrgbcolor\n");
		for (int i = -3; i <= 3; i ++) {
			if (i != 0 && ! thick) continue;
			my d_printf (my d_file, "%d %d M ", xDC + i, yDC);
			if (my textRotation || slant) {
				my d_printf (my d_file, "gsave currentpoint translate ");
				if (my textRotation)
					my d_printf (my d_file, "%.6g rotate 0 0 M\n", (double) my textRotation);
				if (slant)
					my d_printf (my d_file, "[1 0 0.25 1 0 0] concat 0 0 M\n");
			}
			my d_printf (my d_file, "(");
			const char *kars = codes8;
			while (*kars) {
				if (*kars == '(' || *kars == ')' || *kars == '\\') {
					my d_printf (my d_file, "\\%c", *kars);
				} else if (*kars >= 32 && *kars <= 126) {
					my d_printf (my d_file, "%c", *kars);
				} else {
					my d_printf (my d_file, "\\%d%d%d", *(unsigned char*)kars / 64,
						(*(unsigned char*)kars % 64) / 8, *(unsigned char*)kars % 8);
				}
				kars ++;
			}
			my d_printf (my d_file, ") show\n");
			if (my textRotation || slant)
				my d_printf (my d_file, "grestore\n");
		}
		if (lc -> link) my d_printf (my d_file, "0 0 0 setrgbcolor\n");
	} else if (my screen) {
		iam (GraphicsScreen);
		#if cairo
			if (my duringXor) {
			} else {
				if (my d_cairoGraphicsContext == NULL) return;
				// TODO!
			}
			int font = lc -> font.integer;
			int needBitmappedIPA = 0;
		#elif cocoa
			/*
			 * Determine the font family.
			 */
			int font = lc -> font.integer;   // the font of the first character

			/*
			 * Determine the style.
			 */
			int style = lc -> style;   // the style of the first character

			/*
			 * Determine the font-style combination.
			 */
			CTFontSymbolicTraits ctStyle = ( style & Graphics_BOLD ? kCTFontBoldTrait : 0 ) | ( lc -> style & Graphics_ITALIC ? kCTFontItalicTrait : 0 );
			#if 1
				CFStringRef key = kCTFontSymbolicTrait;
				CFNumberRef value = CFNumberCreate (NULL, kCFNumberIntType, & ctStyle);
				CFIndex numberOfValues = 1;
				CFDictionaryRef styleDict = CFDictionaryCreate (NULL, (const void **) & key, (const void **) & value, numberOfValues,
					& kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, & kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
				CFRelease (value);
				CFStringRef keys [2];
				keys [0] = kCTFontTraitsAttribute;
				keys [1] = kCTFontNameAttribute;
				CFStringRef cfFont;
				switch (font) {
					case kGraphics_font_TIMES:       { cfFont = (CFStringRef) Melder_peekWcsToCfstring (L"Times New Roman"); } break;
					case kGraphics_font_HELVETICA:   { cfFont = (CFStringRef) Melder_peekWcsToCfstring (L"Arial"          ); } break;
					case kGraphics_font_COURIER:     { cfFont = (CFStringRef) Melder_peekWcsToCfstring (L"Courier New"    ); } break;
					case kGraphics_font_PALATINO:    { cfFont = (CFStringRef) Melder_peekWcsToCfstring (L"Palatino"       ); } break;
					case kGraphics_font_SYMBOL:      { cfFont = (CFStringRef) Melder_peekWcsToCfstring (L"Symbol"         ); } break;
					case kGraphics_font_IPATIMES:    { cfFont = (CFStringRef) Melder_peekWcsToCfstring (L"Doulos SIL"     ); } break;
					case kGraphics_font_IPAPALATINO: { cfFont = (CFStringRef) Melder_peekWcsToCfstring (L"Charis SIL"     ); } break;
					case kGraphics_font_DINGBATS:    { cfFont = (CFStringRef) Melder_peekWcsToCfstring (L"Zapf Dingbats"  ); } break;
				}
				void *values [2] = { (void *) styleDict, (void *) cfFont };
				CFDictionaryRef attributes = CFDictionaryCreate (NULL, (const void **) & keys, (const void **) & values, 2,
					& kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, & kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
				CFRelease (styleDict);
				CTFontDescriptorRef ctFontDescriptor = CTFontDescriptorCreateWithAttributes (attributes);
				CFRelease (attributes);
			#else
				NSMutableDictionary *styleDict = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity: 1];
				[styleDict   setObject: [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt: ctStyle]   forKey: (id) kCTFontSymbolicTrait];
				NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity: 2];
				[attributes   setObject: styleDict   forKey: (id) kCTFontTraitsAttribute];
				switch (font) {
					case kGraphics_font_TIMES:       { [attributes   setObject: @"Times New Roman"   forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_HELVETICA:   { [attributes   setObject: @"Arial"             forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_COURIER:     { [attributes   setObject: @"Courier New"       forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_PALATINO:    { [attributes   setObject: @"Palatino"          forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_SYMBOL:      { [attributes   setObject: @"Symbol"            forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_IPATIMES:    { [attributes   setObject: @"Doulos SIL"        forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_IPAPALATINO: { [attributes   setObject: @"Charis SIL"        forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
					case kGraphics_font_DINGBATS:    { [attributes   setObject: @"Zapf Dingbats"     forKey: (id) kCTFontNameAttribute]; } break;
				}
				CTFontDescriptorRef ctFontDescriptor = CTFontDescriptorCreateWithAttributes ((CFMutableDictionaryRef) attributes);
				[styleDict release];
				[attributes release];
			#endif
			CTFontRef ctFont = CTFontCreateWithFontDescriptor (ctFontDescriptor, lc -> size, NULL);
			CFRelease (ctFontDescriptor);

			int needBitmappedIPA = 0;
			bool hasHighUnicodeValues = false;
			for (long i = 0; i < nchars; i ++) {
				hasHighUnicodeValues |= codes [i] > 0xFFFF;
			}
			if (hasHighUnicodeValues) {
				nchars = wcslen_utf16 (codes, 0);
				codes16 = Melder_peekWcsToUtf16 (codes);
			}
			#if 1
				CFStringRef s = CFStringCreateWithBytes (NULL, (const UInt8 *) codes16, nchars * 2, kCFStringEncodingUTF16LE, false);
				int length = CFStringGetLength (s);
			#else
				NSString *s = [[NSString alloc]   initWithBytes: codes16   length: nchars * 2   encoding: NSUTF16LittleEndianStringEncoding];
				int length = [s length];
			#endif

			CGFloat descent = CTFontGetDescent (ctFont);

            CFMutableAttributedStringRef string = CFAttributedStringCreateMutable (kCFAllocatorDefault, length);
            CFAttributedStringReplaceString (string, CFRangeMake (0, 0), (CFStringRef) s);
            CFRange textRange = CFRangeMake (0, length);
            CFAttributedStringSetAttribute (string, textRange, kCTFontAttributeName, ctFont);

			static CFNumberRef cfKerning;
			if (! cfKerning) {
				double kerning = 0.0;
				cfKerning = CFNumberCreate (kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberDoubleType, & kerning);
			}
            CFAttributedStringSetAttribute (string, textRange, kCTKernAttributeName, cfKerning);

			static CTParagraphStyleRef paragraphStyle;
			if (! paragraphStyle) {
				CTTextAlignment textAlignment = kCTLeftTextAlignment;
				CTParagraphStyleSetting paragraphSettings [1] = { { kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierAlignment, sizeof (CTTextAlignment), & textAlignment } };
				paragraphStyle = CTParagraphStyleCreate (paragraphSettings, 1);
				Melder_assert (paragraphStyle != NULL);
			}
            CFAttributedStringSetAttribute (string, textRange, kCTParagraphStyleAttributeName, paragraphStyle);

            RGBColor *macColor = lc -> link ? & theBlueColour : my duringXor ? & theWhiteColour : & my d_macColour;
            CGColorRef color = CGColorCreateGenericRGB (macColor->red / 65536.0, macColor->green / 65536.0, macColor->blue / 65536.0, 1.0);
			Melder_assert (color != NULL);
            CFAttributedStringSetAttribute (string, textRange, kCTForegroundColorAttributeName, color);

            /*
             * Draw.
             */
    
            // Create a path to render text in
            //CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable ();
            //NSRect measureRect = NSMakeRect (0, 0, CGFLOAT_MAX, CGFLOAT_MAX);
            //CGPathAddRect (path, NULL, (CGRect) measureRect);

            CGContextSetTextMatrix (my d_macGraphicsContext, CGAffineTransformIdentity);   // this could set the "current context" for CoreText

            // create the framesetter and render text
            //CTFramesetterRef framesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString ((CFAttributedStringRef) string);
			//Melder_assert (framesetter != NULL);
            //CTFrameRef frame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame (framesetter, CFRangeMake (0, length), path, NULL);
			//Melder_assert (frame != NULL);
        
            //CFRange fitRange;
            //CGSize targetSize = CGSizeMake (CGFLOAT_MAX, CGFLOAT_MAX);
            //CGSize frameSize = CTFramesetterSuggestFrameSizeWithConstraints (framesetter, textRange, NULL, targetSize, & fitRange);
            //CFRelease (path);
            CFRelease (color);
            //CFRelease (frame);
            //path = CGPathCreateMutable ();
            //NSRect drawRect = NSMakeRect (0, 0, frameSize.width, frameSize.height);
			//trace ("frame %f %f", frameSize.width, frameSize.height);
            //CGPathAddRect (path, NULL, (CGRect) drawRect);
            //frame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame (framesetter, CFRangeMake (0, length), path, NULL);
		//CTRunGetTypographicBounds(run, glyphRange, &ascent, &descent, NULL);
			//Melder_assert (frame != NULL);

			if (my d_macView) {
				[my d_macView   lockFocus];
				my d_macGraphicsContext = (CGContextRef) [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
			}
            CGContextSaveGState (my d_macGraphicsContext);
            CGContextTranslateCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, xDC, yDC /*+ descent*/);
            if (my yIsZeroAtTheTop) CGContextScaleCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0, -1.0);
            CGContextRotateCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, my textRotation * NUMpi / 180.0);

			//CGContextRef context = (CGContextRef) [[NSGraphicsContext currentContext] graphicsPort];
			//Melder_assert (my d_macGraphicsContext != NULL);
			//Melder_assert (context == my d_macGraphicsContext);
			CTLineRef line = CTLineCreateWithAttributedString (string);
            if (my duringXor) {
                CGContextSetBlendMode (my d_macGraphicsContext, kCGBlendModeDifference);
                CGContextSetAllowsAntialiasing (my d_macGraphicsContext, false);
                //CTFrameDraw (frame, my d_macGraphicsContext);
				CTLineDraw (line, my d_macGraphicsContext);
                CGContextSetBlendMode (my d_macGraphicsContext, kCGBlendModeNormal);
                CGContextSetAllowsAntialiasing (my d_macGraphicsContext, true);
            } else {
                //CTFrameDraw (frame, my d_macGraphicsContext);
//CFArrayRef runArray = CTLineGetGlyphRuns (line);
//CTRunRef run = (CTRunRef) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex (runArray, 0);
//CTRunGetTypographicBounds (run, glyphRange, &ascent, &descent, NULL);
//CTRunDraw (run, my d_macGraphicsContext, CFRangeMake (0, length));
				CTLineDraw (line, my d_macGraphicsContext);
            }
			CFRelease (line);
            CGContextRestoreGState (my d_macGraphicsContext);
            //CGContextRestoreGState (my d_macGraphicsContext);

            // Clean up
            //CFRelease (frame);
            //CFRelease (path);
            //CFRelease (framesetter);
            CFRelease (string);
			#if 1
				CFRelease (s);
			#else
            	[s release];
			#endif
			CFRelease (ctFont);
			if (my d_macView) {
				#if useCarbon
					CGContextSynchronize (my d_macGraphicsContext);
				#endif
				[my d_macView   unlockFocus];
			}
        
		#elif win
			int font = lc -> font.integer;
			int needBitmappedIPA = font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES && ! ipaAvailable;
		#elif mac
			int needBitmappedIPA = 0;
			ATSFontRef atsuiFont = (ATSFontRef) lc -> font.integer;
			Melder_assert (atsuiFont != 0);
			/*
			 * Define the text layout.
			 */
			static ATSUTextLayout theAtsuiTextLayout;
			if (theAtsuiTextLayout == NULL) {
				OSStatus err = ATSUCreateTextLayout (& theAtsuiTextLayout);
				if (err != 0) {
					if (err == kATSUInvalidFontID) {
						Melder_fatal ("Praat detected an invalid font ID and will now crash, beause this is a system error. "
							"Please use Font Book to check for duplicate or corrupted fonts.");
					} else {
						Melder_fatal ("Graphics_text/ATSUCreateTextLayout drawing: unknown MacOS error %d.", (int) err);
					}
				}
			}
			bool hasHighUnicodeValues = false;
			for (long i = 0; i < nchars; i ++) {
				hasHighUnicodeValues |= codes [i] > 0xFFFF;
			}
			if (hasHighUnicodeValues) {
				nchars = wcslen_utf16 (codes, 0);
				OSStatus err = ATSUSetTextPointerLocation (theAtsuiTextLayout, Melder_peekWcsToUtf16 (codes), kATSUFromTextBeginning, kATSUToTextEnd, nchars);
				if (err != 0) Melder_fatal ("Graphics_text/ATSUSetTextPointerLocation hasHighUnicodeValues true: unknown MacOS error %d.", (int) err);
			} else {
				OSStatus err = ATSUSetTextPointerLocation (theAtsuiTextLayout, codes16, kATSUFromTextBeginning, kATSUToTextEnd, nchars);
				if (err != 0) Melder_fatal ("Graphics_text/ATSUSetTextPointerLocation hasHighUnicodeValues false: unknown MacOS error %d.", (int) err);
			}
			static ATSUFontFallbacks fontFallbacks = NULL;
			if (fontFallbacks == NULL) {
				ATSUCreateFontFallbacks (& fontFallbacks);
				ATSUSetObjFontFallbacks (fontFallbacks, 0, NULL, kATSUDefaultFontFallbacks);
				ATSUSetObjFontFallbacks (fontFallbacks, 1, & theArabicAtsuiFont, kATSUSequentialFallbacksPreferred);
			}
			ATSUAttributeTag attributeTags [] = { kATSUCGContextTag, kATSULineFontFallbacksTag };
			ByteCount valueSizes [] = { sizeof (CGContextRef), sizeof (ATSUFontFallbacks) };
			ATSUAttributeValuePtr values [] = { & my d_macGraphicsContext, & fontFallbacks };
			ATSUSetLayoutControls (theAtsuiTextLayout, 2, attributeTags, valueSizes, values);
			ATSUSetTransientFontMatching (theAtsuiTextLayout, true);
			/*
			 * Set styles: font, size, colour, bold, italic.
			 */
			static ATSUStyle theAtsuStyle;
			if (theAtsuStyle == NULL) {
				ATSUCreateStyle (& theAtsuStyle);
			}
			Fixed fontSize = lc -> size << 16;
			Boolean boldStyle = (lc -> style & Graphics_BOLD) != 0;
			Boolean italicStyle = (lc -> style & Graphics_ITALIC) != 0;
			Fract kerningOff = FloatToFract (1.0);
			ATSUAttributeTag styleAttributeTags [] = { kATSUFontTag, kATSUSizeTag, kATSUColorTag, kATSUQDBoldfaceTag, kATSUQDItalicTag, kATSUKerningInhibitFactorTag };
			ByteCount styleValueSizes [] = { sizeof (ATSUFontID), sizeof (Fixed), sizeof (RGBColor), sizeof (Boolean), sizeof (Boolean), sizeof (Fract) };
			ATSUAttributeValuePtr styleValues [] = { & atsuiFont, & fontSize,
				lc -> link ? & theBlueColour : my duringXor ? & theWhiteColour : & my d_macColour, & boldStyle, & italicStyle, & kerningOff };
			ATSUSetAttributes (theAtsuStyle, 6, styleAttributeTags, styleValueSizes, styleValues);
			ATSUSetRunStyle (theAtsuiTextLayout, theAtsuStyle, 0, nchars);
			/*
			 * Draw.
			 */
			CGContextSaveGState (my d_macGraphicsContext);
        
        NSCAssert(my d_macGraphicsContext, @"nil context");

			CGContextTranslateCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, xDC, yDC);

			if (my yIsZeroAtTheTop) CGContextScaleCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, 1.0, -1.0);
			CGContextRotateCTM (my d_macGraphicsContext, my textRotation * NUMpi / 180.0);
			if (my duringXor) {
				CGContextSetBlendMode (my d_macGraphicsContext, kCGBlendModeDifference);
				CGContextSetAllowsAntialiasing (my d_macGraphicsContext, false);
				OSStatus err = ATSUDrawText (theAtsuiTextLayout, kATSUFromTextBeginning, kATSUToTextEnd, 0, 0);
				if (err != 0) Melder_fatal ("Graphics_text/ATSUDrawText during Xor: unknown MacOS error %d.", (int) err);
				CGContextSetBlendMode (my d_macGraphicsContext, kCGBlendModeNormal);
				CGContextSetAllowsAntialiasing (my d_macGraphicsContext, true);
			} else {
				OSStatus err = ATSUDrawText (theAtsuiTextLayout, kATSUFromTextBeginning, kATSUToTextEnd, 0, 0);
				if (err != 0) Melder_fatal ("Graphics_text/ATSUDrawText: unknown MacOS error %d.", (int) err);
			}
			CGContextRestoreGState (my d_macGraphicsContext);
			return;
		#endif
		/*
		 * First handle the most common case: text without rotation.
		 */
		if (my textRotation == 0.0) {
			/*
			 * Unrotated text could be a link. If so, it will be blue.
			 */
			#if cairo
				if (my duringXor) {
				} else {
					if (lc -> link) _Graphics_setColour (me, Graphics_BLUE);
				}
			#elif win
			#endif
			/*
			 * The most common case: a native font.
			 */
			if (! needBitmappedIPA) {
				#if cairo
					if (my duringXor) {
						#if ALLOW_GDK_DRAWING
							static GdkFont *font = NULL;
							if (font == NULL) {
								font = gdk_font_load ("-*-courier-medium-r-normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1");
								if (! font) {
									font = gdk_font_load ("-*-courier 10 pitch-medium-r-normal--*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1");
								}
							}
							if (font) {
								gdk_draw_text_wc (my d_window, font, my d_gdkGraphicsContext, xDC, yDC, (const GdkWChar *) codes, nchars);
							}
							gdk_flush ();
						#endif
					} else {
						Melder_assert (my d_cairoGraphicsContext);
						enum _cairo_font_slant slant   = (lc -> style & Graphics_ITALIC ? CAIRO_FONT_SLANT_ITALIC : CAIRO_FONT_SLANT_NORMAL);
						enum _cairo_font_weight weight = (lc -> style & Graphics_BOLD   ? CAIRO_FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD  : CAIRO_FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL);
						cairo_set_font_size (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, lc -> size);
						switch (font) {
							case kGraphics_font_HELVETICA: cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Helvetica", slant, weight); break;
							case kGraphics_font_TIMES:     cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Times", slant, weight); break;
							case kGraphics_font_COURIER:   cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Courier", slant, weight); break;
							case kGraphics_font_PALATINO:  cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Palatino", slant, weight); break;
							case kGraphics_font_SYMBOL:    cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Symbol", slant, weight); break;
							case kGraphics_font_IPATIMES:  cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Doulos SIL", slant, weight); break;
							case kGraphics_font_DINGBATS:  cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Dingbats", slant, weight); break;
							default:                       cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Sans", slant, weight); break;
						}
						cairo_move_to (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, xDC, yDC);
						cairo_show_text (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, Melder_peekWcsToUtf8 (codes));
					}
				#elif win
					if (my duringXor) {
						int descent = (1.0/216) * my fontSize * my resolution;
						int ascent = (1.0/72) * my fontSize * my resolution;
						int maxWidth = 800, maxHeight = 200;
						int baseline = 100, top = baseline - ascent - 1, bottom = baseline + descent + 1;
						static int inited = 0;
						static HDC dc;
						static HBITMAP bitmap;
						if (! inited) {
							dc = CreateCompatibleDC (my d_gdiGraphicsContext);
							bitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, maxWidth, maxHeight);
							SelectBitmap (dc, bitmap);
							SetBkMode (dc, TRANSPARENT);   // not the default!
							SelectPen (dc, GetStockPen (BLACK_PEN));
							SelectBrush (dc, GetStockBrush (BLACK_BRUSH));
							SetTextAlign (dc, TA_LEFT | TA_BASELINE | TA_NOUPDATECP);   // baseline is not the default!
							inited = 1;
						}
						width += 4;   // For slant.
						Rectangle (dc, 0, top, width, bottom);
						SelectFont (dc, my printer || my metafile ? printerFonts [font] [lc -> size] [lc -> style] :
							screenFonts [font] [lc -> size] [lc -> style]);
						SetTextColor (dc, my d_winForegroundColour);
						TextOutW (dc, 0, baseline, (const wchar_t *) codes16, nchars);
						BitBlt (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, xDC, yDC - ascent, width, bottom - top, dc, 0, top, SRCINVERT);
					} else {
						SelectPen (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my d_winPen), SelectBrush (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my d_winBrush);
						if (lc -> link) SetTextColor (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, RGB (0, 0, 255)); else SetTextColor (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my d_winForegroundColour);
						SelectFont (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my printer || my metafile ? printerFonts [font] [lc -> size] [lc -> style] :
							screenFonts [font] [lc -> size] [lc -> style]);
						TextOutW (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, xDC, yDC, (const wchar_t *) codes16, nchars);
						if (lc -> link) SetTextColor (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my d_winForegroundColour);
						SelectPen (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockPen (BLACK_PEN)), SelectBrush (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockBrush (NULL_BRUSH));
					}
				#endif
			} else {
				/*
				 * A non-rotated bitmap IPA font.
				 */
				for (int ichar = 0; ichar < nchars; ichar ++) {
					int irow, icol, code = ((unsigned char *) codes8) [ichar], ncol;
					int overstrike = ipaSerifRegular24 [code - 32] [0] [0] == 'o';
					ncol = strlen (ipaSerifRegular24 [code - 32] [0]);
					if (overstrike) 
						xDC -= 10;
					for (irow = 0; irow < 24; irow ++) {
						const char *row = ipaSerifRegular24 [code - 32] [irow];
						int jrow = yDC - 18 + irow;
						for (icol = 0; icol < ncol; icol ++) {
							if (row [icol] == '#')
								#if cairo
									Melder_assert (my d_cairoGraphicsContext);
									if (my duringXor) {
									} else {
										cairo_move_to (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, xDC, jrow);
										cairo_line_to (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, xDC, jrow);
									}
								#elif win
									SetPixel (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, xDC, jrow, my d_winForegroundColour);
								#endif
							xDC ++;
						}
						row ++;
						xDC -= ncol;
					}
					xDC += overstrike ? 10 : ncol;
				}
				#if cairo
					if (my duringXor) {
					} else {
						cairo_stroke (my d_cairoGraphicsContext);
					}
				#endif
			}
			/*
			 * Back to normal colour.
			 */

			#if cairo
				if (my duringXor) {
				} else {
					if (lc -> link) _Graphics_setColour (me, my colour);
				}
			#elif win
			#endif
		} else {
			/*
			 * Rotated text. This time, the easiest case is the bitmap IPA font;
			 */
			if (needBitmappedIPA) {
				int ichar, dx1 = 0;
				double cosa, sina;
				if (my textRotation == 90.0f) { cosa = 0.0; sina = 1.0; }
				else if (my textRotation == 270.0f) { cosa = 0.0; sina = -1.0; }
				else { double a = my textRotation * NUMpi / 180.0; cosa = cos (a); sina = sin (a); }
				for (ichar = 0; ichar < nchars; ichar ++) {
					int irow, icol, code = ((unsigned char *) codes8) [ichar];
					int ncol = strlen (ipaSerifRegular24 [code - 32] [0]);
					for (irow = 0; irow < 24; irow ++) {
						const char *row = ipaSerifRegular24 [code - 32] [irow];
						double dy1 = irow - 18;
						for (icol = 0; icol < ncol; icol ++) {
							if (row [icol] == '#') {
								int xp = xDC + (int) (cosa * dx1 + sina * dy1);
								int yp = yDC - (int) (sina * dx1 - cosa * dy1);
								#if cairo
									Melder_assert (my d_cairoGraphicsContext);
									if (my duringXor) {
									} else {
										cairo_move_to (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, xp, yp);
										cairo_line_to (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, xp, yp);
									}
								#elif win
									SetPixel (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, xp, yp, my d_winForegroundColour);
								#endif
							}
							dx1 ++;
						}
						row ++;
						dx1 -= ncol;
					}
					dx1 += ncol;
				}
				#if cairo
					if (my duringXor) {
					} else {
						cairo_stroke (my d_cairoGraphicsContext);
					}
				#endif
			} else {
				/*
				 * Rotated native font.
				 */
				#if cairo
					Melder_assert (my d_cairoGraphicsContext);
					enum _cairo_font_slant  slant  = (lc -> style & Graphics_ITALIC ? CAIRO_FONT_SLANT_ITALIC : CAIRO_FONT_SLANT_NORMAL);
					enum _cairo_font_weight weight = (lc -> style & Graphics_BOLD   ? CAIRO_FONT_WEIGHT_BOLD  : CAIRO_FONT_WEIGHT_NORMAL);
					cairo_set_font_size (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, lc -> size);
					switch (font) {
						case kGraphics_font_HELVETICA: cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Helvetica", slant, weight); break;
						case kGraphics_font_TIMES:     cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Times"    , slant, weight); break;
						case kGraphics_font_COURIER:   cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Courier"  , slant, weight); break;
						case kGraphics_font_PALATINO:  cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Palatino" , slant, weight); break;
						case kGraphics_font_SYMBOL:    cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Symbol"   , slant, weight); break;
						case kGraphics_font_IPATIMES:  cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "IPA Times", slant, weight); break;
						case kGraphics_font_DINGBATS:  cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Dingbats" , slant, weight); break;
						default:                       cairo_select_font_face (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, "Sans"     , slant, weight); break;
					}
					cairo_save (my d_cairoGraphicsContext);
					cairo_translate (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, xDC, yDC);
					//cairo_scale (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, 1, -1);
					cairo_rotate (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, - my textRotation * NUMpi / 180.0);
					cairo_move_to (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, 0, 0);
					cairo_show_text (my d_cairoGraphicsContext, Melder_peekWcsToUtf8 (codes));
					cairo_restore (my d_cairoGraphicsContext);
					return;
				#elif win
					if (1) {
						SelectPen (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my d_winPen), SelectBrush (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my d_winBrush);
						if (lc -> link) SetTextColor (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, RGB (0, 0, 255)); else SetTextColor (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my d_winForegroundColour);
						SelectFont (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my printer || my metafile ? printerFonts [font] [lc -> size] [lc -> style] :
							screenFonts [font] [lc -> size] [lc -> style]);
						int restore = SaveDC (my d_gdiGraphicsContext);
						SetGraphicsMode (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, GM_ADVANCED);
						double a = my textRotation * NUMpi / 180.0, cosa = cos (a), sina = sin (a);
						XFORM rotate = { cosa, - sina, sina, cosa, 0, 0 };
						ModifyWorldTransform (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, & rotate, MWT_RIGHTMULTIPLY);
						XFORM translate = { 1, 0, 0, 1, xDC, yDC };
						ModifyWorldTransform (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, & translate, MWT_RIGHTMULTIPLY);
						TextOutW (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, 0 /*xDC*/, 0 /*yDC*/, (const wchar_t *) codes16, nchars);
						RestoreDC (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, restore);
						if (lc -> link) SetTextColor (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, my d_winForegroundColour);
						SelectPen (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockPen (BLACK_PEN)), SelectBrush (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, GetStockBrush (NULL_BRUSH));
						return;
					}
				#endif
				int ascent = (1.0/72) * my fontSize * my resolution;
				int descent = (1.0/216) * my fontSize * my resolution;
				int ix, iy /*, baseline = 1 + ascent * 2*/;
				double cosa, sina;
				#if win
					int maxWidth = 1000, maxHeight = 600;   // BUG: printer???
					int baseline = maxHeight / 4, top = baseline - ascent - 1, bottom = baseline + descent + 1;
					static int inited = 0;
					static HDC dc;
					static HBITMAP bitmap;
					if (! inited) {
						dc = CreateCompatibleDC (my d_gdiGraphicsContext);
						bitmap = CreateBitmap (/*my d_gdiGraphicsContext,*/ maxWidth, maxHeight, 1, 1, NULL);
						SelectBitmap (dc, bitmap);
						inited = 1;
					}
				#endif
				width += 4;   /* Leave room for slant. */
				#if win
					SelectPen (dc, GetStockPen (WHITE_PEN));
					SelectBrush (dc, GetStockBrush (WHITE_BRUSH));
					SetTextAlign (dc, TA_LEFT | TA_BASELINE | TA_NOUPDATECP);   // baseline is not the default!
					Rectangle (dc, 0, top, maxWidth, bottom + 1);
					//Rectangle (dc, 0, 0, maxWidth, maxHeight);
					SelectPen (dc, GetStockPen (BLACK_PEN));
					SelectBrush (dc, GetStockBrush (NULL_BRUSH));
					SelectFont (dc, my printer || my metafile ? printerFonts [font] [lc -> size] [lc -> style] :
							screenFonts [font] [lc -> size] [lc -> style]);
					TextOutW (dc, 0, baseline, (const wchar_t *) codes16, nchars);
				#endif
				if (my textRotation == 90.0) { cosa = 0.0; sina = 1.0; }
				else if (my textRotation == 270.0) { cosa = 0.0; sina = -1.0; }
				else { double a = my textRotation * NUMpi / 180.0; cosa = cos (a); sina = sin (a); }
				for (ix = 0; ix < width; ix ++) {
					double dx1 = ix;
					#if win
						for (iy = top; iy <= bottom; iy ++) {
							if (GetPixel (dc, ix, iy) == RGB (0, 0, 0)) {   /* Black? */
								int dy1 = iy - baseline;   /* Translate, rotate, translate. */
								int xp = xDC + (int) (cosa * dx1 + sina * dy1);
								int yp = yDC - (int) (sina * dx1 - cosa * dy1);
								SetPixel (my d_gdiGraphicsContext, xp, yp, my d_winForegroundColour);
							}
						}
					#endif
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

static void initText (I) {
	iam (Graphics);
	if (my screen) {
		iam (GraphicsScreen);
		(void) me;
	}
}

static void exitText (I) {
	iam (Graphics);
	if (my screen) {
		iam (GraphicsScreen);
		(void) me;
	}
}

#define MAX_LINK_LENGTH  300

static long bufferSize;
static _Graphics_widechar *theWidechar;
static wchar_t *charCodes;
static char *charCodes8;
static MelderUtf16 *charCodes16;
static int initBuffer (const wchar_t *txt) {
	try {
		long sizeNeeded = wcslen (txt) + 1;   /* It is true that some characters are split into two, but all of these are backslash sequences. */
		if (sizeNeeded > bufferSize) {
			sizeNeeded += sizeNeeded / 2 + 100;
			Melder_free (theWidechar);
			Melder_free (charCodes);
			Melder_free (charCodes8);
			Melder_free (charCodes16);
			theWidechar = Melder_calloc (_Graphics_widechar, sizeNeeded);
			charCodes = Melder_calloc (wchar_t, sizeNeeded);
			charCodes8 = Melder_calloc (char, sizeNeeded);
			charCodes16 = Melder_calloc (MelderUtf16, sizeNeeded);
			bufferSize = sizeNeeded;
		}
		return 1;
	} catch (MelderError) {
		bufferSize = 0;
		Melder_flushError (NULL);
		return 0;
	}
}

static int numberOfLinks = 0;
static Graphics_Link links [100];    /* A maximum of 100 links per string. */

static void charSizes (Graphics me, _Graphics_widechar string []) {
	/*
	 * Measure the size of each character.
	 */
	_Graphics_widechar *character;
	for (character = string; character -> kar > '\t'; character ++)
		charSize (me, character);
	/*
	 * Each character has been garnished with information about the character's width.
	 * Make a correction for systems that make slanted characters overlap the character box to their right.
	 * We must do this after the previous loop, because we query the size of the *next* character.
	 *
	 * Keep this in SYNC with psTextWidth.
	 */
	for (character = string; character -> kar > '\t'; character ++) {
		if ((character -> style & Graphics_ITALIC) != 0) {
			_Graphics_widechar *nextCharacter = character + 1;
			if (nextCharacter -> kar <= '\t') {
				character -> width += SLANT_CORRECTION / 72 * my fontSize * my resolution;
			} else if (((nextCharacter -> style & Graphics_ITALIC) == 0 && nextCharacter -> baseline >= character -> baseline)
				|| (character -> baseline == 0 && nextCharacter -> baseline > 0))
			{
				if (nextCharacter -> kar == '.' || nextCharacter -> kar == ',')
					character -> width += SLANT_CORRECTION / 144 * my fontSize * my resolution;
				else
					character -> width += SLANT_CORRECTION / 72 * my fontSize * my resolution;
			}
		}
	}
}

/*
 * The routine textWidth determines the fractional width of a text, in device coordinates.
 */
static double textWidth (_Graphics_widechar string []) {
	_Graphics_widechar *character;
	double width = 0;
	for (character = string; character -> kar > '\t'; character ++)
		width += character -> width;
	return width;
}

static void drawOneCell (Graphics me, int xDC, int yDC, _Graphics_widechar lc []) {
	int nchars = 0;
	double width = textWidth (lc), dx, dy;
	/*
	 * We must continue even if width is zero (for adjusting textY).
	 */
	_Graphics_widechar *plc, *lastlc;
	int inLink = 0;
	switch (my horizontalTextAlignment) {
		case Graphics_LEFT:      dx = 1 + (0.1/72) * my fontSize * my resolution; break;
		case Graphics_CENTRE:    dx = - width / 2; break;
		case Graphics_RIGHT:     dx = width ? - width - (0.1/72) * my fontSize * my resolution : 0; break;   // if width is zero, do not step left
		default:                 dx = 1 + (0.1/72) * my fontSize * my resolution; break;
	}
	switch (my verticalTextAlignment) {
		case Graphics_BOTTOM:    dy = (0.4/72) * my fontSize * my resolution; break;
		case Graphics_HALF:      dy = (-0.3/72) * my fontSize * my resolution; break;
		case Graphics_TOP:       dy = (-1.0/72) * my fontSize * my resolution; break;
		case Graphics_BASELINE:  dy = 0; break;
		default:                 dy = 0; break;
	}
	#if mac
		if (my screen) {
			GraphicsQuartz_initDraw ((GraphicsScreen) me);
		}
	#endif
	if (my textRotation) {
		double xbegin = dx, x = xbegin, cosa, sina;
		if (my textRotation == 90.0f) { cosa = 0.0; sina = 1.0; }
		else if (my textRotation == 270.0f) { cosa = 0.0; sina = -1.0; }
		else { double a = my textRotation * NUMpi / 180.0; cosa = cos (a); sina = sin (a); }
		for (plc = lc; plc -> kar > '\t'; plc ++) {
			_Graphics_widechar *next = plc + 1;
			charCodes [nchars] = plc -> code;   // buffer...
			charCodes8 [nchars] = plc -> code;   // buffer...
			charCodes16 [nchars ++] = plc -> code;   // buffer...
			x += plc -> width;
			/*
			 * We can draw stretches of characters:
			 * they have different styles, baselines, sizes, or fonts,
			 * or if there is a break between them,
			 * or if we cannot rotate multiple characters,
			 * which is the case on bitmap printers.
			 */
			if (next->kar < ' ' || next->style != plc->style ||
				next->baseline != plc->baseline || next->size != plc->size ||
				next->font.integer != plc->font.integer || next->font.string != plc->font.string ||
				next->rightToLeft != plc->rightToLeft ||
				(my screen && my resolution > 150))
			{
				double dy2 = dy + plc -> baseline;
				double xr = cosa * xbegin - sina * dy2;
				double yr = sina * xbegin + cosa * dy2;
				charCodes [nchars] = '\0';   // ...and flush
				charCodes8 [nchars] = '\0';   // ...and flush
				charCodes16 [nchars] = '\0';   // ...and flush
				charDraw (me, xDC + xr, my yIsZeroAtTheTop ? yDC - yr : yDC + yr,
					plc, charCodes, charCodes8, charCodes16, nchars, x - xbegin);
				nchars = 0;
				xbegin = x;
			}
		}
	} else {
		double xbegin = xDC + dx, x = xbegin, y = my yIsZeroAtTheTop ? yDC - dy : yDC + dy;
		lastlc = lc;
		if (my wrapWidth) {
			/*
			 * Replace some spaces with new-line symbols.
			 */
			int xmax = xDC + my wrapWidth * my scaleX;
			for (plc = lc; plc -> kar >= ' '; plc ++) {
				if (x > xmax) {   // wrap (if wrapWidth is too small, each word will be on a separate line)
					while (plc >= lastlc) {
						if (plc -> kar == ' ' && ! plc -> link)   // keep links contiguous
							break;
						plc --;
					}
					if (plc <= lastlc) break;   // hopeless situation: no spaces; get over it
					lastlc = plc;
					plc -> kar = '\n';   // replace space with newline
					x = xDC + dx + my secondIndent * my scaleX;
				} else {
					x += plc -> width;
				}
			}
			xbegin = x = xDC + dx;   /* Re-initialize for second pass. */
		}
		for (plc = lc; plc -> kar > '\t'; plc ++) {
			_Graphics_widechar *next = plc + 1;
			if (plc -> link) {
				if (! inLink) {
					double descent = ( my yIsZeroAtTheTop ? -(0.3/72) : (0.3/72) ) * my fontSize * my resolution;
					links [++ numberOfLinks]. x1 = x;
					links [numberOfLinks]. y1 = y - descent;
					links [numberOfLinks]. y2 = y + 3 * descent;
					inLink = TRUE;
				}
			} else if (inLink) {
				links [numberOfLinks]. x2 = x;
				inLink = FALSE;
			}
			if (plc -> kar == '\n') {
				xbegin = x = xDC + dx + my secondIndent * my scaleX;
				y = my yIsZeroAtTheTop ? y + (1.2/72) * my fontSize * my resolution : y - (1.2/72) * my fontSize * my resolution;
			} else {
				charCodes [nchars] = plc -> code;   // buffer...
				charCodes8 [nchars] = plc -> code;   // buffer...
				charCodes16 [nchars ++] = plc -> code;   // buffer...
				x += plc -> width;
				if (next->kar < ' ' || next->style != plc->style ||
					next->baseline != plc->baseline || next->size != plc->size || next->link != plc->link ||
					next->font.integer != plc->font.integer || next->font.string != plc->font.string ||
					next->rightToLeft != plc->rightToLeft)
				{
					charCodes [nchars] = '\0';   // ...and flush
					charCodes8 [nchars] = '\0';   // ...and flush
					charCodes16 [nchars] = '\0';   // ...and flush
					charDraw (me, xbegin, my yIsZeroAtTheTop ? y - plc -> baseline : y + plc -> baseline,
						plc, charCodes, charCodes8, charCodes16, nchars, x - xbegin);
					nchars = 0;
					xbegin = x;
				}
			}
		}
		if (inLink) {
			links [numberOfLinks]. x2 = x;
			inLink = FALSE;
		}
		my textX = (x - my deltaX) / my scaleX;
		my textY = (( my yIsZeroAtTheTop ? y + dy : y - dy ) - my deltaY) / my scaleY;
	}
	#if mac
		if (my screen) {
			GraphicsQuartz_exitDraw ((GraphicsScreen) me);
		}
	#endif
}

static struct { double width; short alignment; } tabs [1 + 20] = { { 0, Graphics_CENTRE },
	{ 1, Graphics_CENTRE }, { 1, Graphics_CENTRE }, { 1, Graphics_CENTRE }, { 1, Graphics_CENTRE },
	{ 1, Graphics_CENTRE }, { 1, Graphics_CENTRE }, { 1, Graphics_CENTRE }, { 1, Graphics_CENTRE } };

/*
 * The routine 'drawCells' handles table and layout.
 */
static void drawCells (Graphics me, double xWC, double yWC, _Graphics_widechar lc []) {
	_Graphics_widechar *plc;
	int itab = 0, saveTextAlignment = my horizontalTextAlignment;
	double saveWrapWidth = my wrapWidth;
	numberOfLinks = 0;
	for (plc = lc; /* No stop condition. */ ; plc ++) {
		charSizes (me, plc);
		drawOneCell (me, xWC * my scaleX + my deltaX, yWC * my scaleY + my deltaY, plc);
		while (plc -> kar != '\0' && plc -> kar != '\t') plc ++;   // Find end of cell.
		if (plc -> kar == '\0') break;   // End of text?
		if (plc -> kar == '\t') {   // Go to next cell.
			xWC += ( tabs [itab]. alignment == Graphics_LEFT ? tabs [itab]. width :
			       tabs [itab]. alignment == Graphics_CENTRE ? 0.5 * tabs [itab]. width : 0 ) * my fontSize / 12.0;
			itab ++;
			xWC += ( tabs [itab]. alignment == Graphics_LEFT ? 0 :
			       tabs [itab]. alignment == Graphics_CENTRE ? 0.5 * tabs [itab]. width : tabs [itab]. width ) * my fontSize / 12.0;
			my horizontalTextAlignment = tabs [itab]. alignment;
			my wrapWidth = tabs [itab]. width * my fontSize / 12.0;
		}
	}
	my horizontalTextAlignment = saveTextAlignment;
	my wrapWidth = saveWrapWidth;
}

static void parseTextIntoCellsLinesRuns (Graphics me, const wchar_t *txt, _Graphics_widechar a_widechar []) {
	wchar_t kar;
	const wchar_t *in = txt;
	int nquote = 0;
	_Graphics_widechar *out = & a_widechar [0];
	unsigned int charSuperscript = 0, charSubscript = 0, charItalic = 0, charBold = 0;
	unsigned int wordItalic = 0, wordBold = 0, wordCode = 0, wordLink = 0;
	unsigned int globalSuperscript = 0, globalSubscript = 0, globalItalic = 0, globalBold = 0, globalCode = 0, globalLink = 0;
	unsigned int globalSmall = 0;
	numberOfLinks = 0;
	while ((kar = *in++) != '\0') {
		if (kar == '^' && my circumflexIsSuperscript) {
			if (globalSuperscript) globalSuperscript = 0;
			else if (in [0] == '^') { globalSuperscript = 1; in ++; }
			else charSuperscript = 1;
			wordItalic = wordBold = wordCode = 0;
			continue;
		} else if (kar == '_' && my underscoreIsSubscript) {
			if (globalSubscript) { globalSubscript = 0; wordItalic = wordBold = wordCode = 0; continue; }
			else if (in [0] == '_') { globalSubscript = 1; in ++; wordItalic = wordBold = wordCode = 0; continue; }
			else if (! my dollarSignIsCode) { charSubscript = 1; wordItalic = wordBold = wordCode = 0; continue; }   // not in manuals
			else
				;   // A normal underscore in manuals.
		} else if (kar == '%' && my percentSignIsItalic) {
			if (globalItalic) globalItalic = 0;
			else if (in [0] == '%') { globalItalic = 1; in ++; }
			else if (my dollarSignIsCode) wordItalic = 1;   // in manuals
			else charItalic = 1;
			continue;
		} else if (kar == '#' && my numberSignIsBold) {
			if (globalBold) globalBold = 0;
			else if (in [0] == '#') { globalBold = 1; in ++; }
			else if (my dollarSignIsCode) wordBold = 1;   // in manuals
			else charBold = 1;
			continue;
		} else if (kar == '$' && my dollarSignIsCode) {
			if (globalCode) globalCode = 0;
			else if (in [0] == '$') { globalCode = 1; in ++; }
			else wordCode = 1;
			continue;
		} else if (kar == '@' && my atSignIsLink   // recognize links
		           && ! my textRotation)   // no links allowed in rotated text, because links are identified by 2-point rectangles
		{
			wchar_t *to, *max;
			/*
			 * We will distinguish:
			 * 1. The link text: the text shown to the user, drawn in blue.
			 * 2. The link info: the information saved in the Graphics object when the user clicks the link;
			 *    this may be a page title in a manual or any other information.
			 * The link info is equal to the link text in the following cases:
			 * 1. A single-word link: "this is a @Link that consists of one word".
			 * 2. Longer links without '|' in them: "@@Link with spaces@".
			 * The link info is unequal to the link text in the following case:
			 * 3. Longer links with '|' in them: "@@Page linked to|Text shown in blue@"
			 */
			if (globalLink) {
				/*
				 * Detected the third '@' in strings like "@@Link with spaces@".
				 * This closes the link text (which will be shown in blue).
				 */
				globalLink = 0;   // close the drawn link text (the normal colour will take over)
				continue;   // the '@' must not be drawn
			} else if (in [0] == '@') {
				/*
				 * Detected the second '@' in strings like "@@Link with spaces@".
				 * A format like "@@Page linked to|Text shown in blue@" is permitted.
				 * First step: collect the page text (the link information);
				 * it is everything between "@@" and "|" or "@" or end of string.
				 */
				const wchar_t *from = in + 1;   // start with first character after "@@"
				if (! links [++ numberOfLinks]. name)   // make room for saving link info
					links [numberOfLinks]. name = Melder_calloc_f (wchar_t, MAX_LINK_LENGTH + 1);
				to = links [numberOfLinks]. name, max = to + MAX_LINK_LENGTH;
				while (*from && *from != '@' && *from != '|' && to < max)   // until end-of-string or '@' or '|'...
					* to ++ = * from ++;   // ... copy one character
				*to = '\0';   // close saved link info
				/*
				 * Second step: collect the link text that is to be drawn.
				 * Its characters will be collected during the normal cycles of the loop.
				 * If the link info is equal to the link text, no action is needed.
				 * If, on the other hand, there is a separate link info, this will have to be skipped.
				 */
				if (*from == '|')
					in += to - links [numberOfLinks]. name + 1;   /* Skip link info + '|'. */
				/*
				 * We are entering the link-text-collection mode.
				 */
				globalLink = 1;
				/*
				 * Both '@' must be skipped and must not be drawn.
				 */
				in ++;   // skip second '@'
				continue;   // do not draw
			} else {
				/*
				 * Detected a single-word link, like in "this is a @Link that consists of one word".
				 * First step: collect the page text: letters, digits, and underscores.
				 */
				const wchar_t *from = in;   // start with first character after "@"
				if (! links [++ numberOfLinks]. name)   // make room for saving link info
					links [numberOfLinks]. name = Melder_calloc_f (wchar_t, MAX_LINK_LENGTH + 1);
				to = links [numberOfLinks]. name, max = to + MAX_LINK_LENGTH;
				while (*from && (isalnum (*from) || *from == '_') && to < max)   // until end-of-word...
					*to ++ = *from++;   // ... copy one character
				*to = '\0';   // close saved link info
				/*
				 * Second step: collect the link text that is to be drawn.
				 * Its characters will be collected during the normal cycles of the loop.
				 * The link info is equal to the link text, so no skipping is needed.
				 */
				wordLink = 1;   // enter the single-word link-text-collection mode
			}
			continue;
		} else if (kar == '\\') {
			/*
			 * Detected backslash sequence: backslash + kar1 + kar2...
			 */
			wchar_t kar1, kar2;
			/*
			 * ... except if kar1 or kar2 is null: in that case, draw the backslash.
			 */
			if (! (kar1 = in [0]) || ! (kar2 = in [1])) {
				;   // normal backslash symbol
			/*
			 * Catch "\s{", which means: small characters until corresponding '}'.
			 */
			} else if (kar2 == '{') {
				if (kar1 == 's') globalSmall = 1;
				in += 2;
				continue;
			/*
			 * Default action: translate the backslash sequence into the long character 'kar1,kar2'.
			 */
			} else {
				kar = Longchar_getInfo (kar1, kar2) -> unicode;
				in += 2;
			}
		} else if (kar == '\"') {
			if (! (my font == kGraphics_font_COURIER || my fontStyle == Graphics_CODE || wordCode || globalCode))
				kar = ++nquote & 1 ? UNICODE_LEFT_DOUBLE_QUOTATION_MARK : UNICODE_RIGHT_DOUBLE_QUOTATION_MARK;
		} else if (kar == '\'') {
			kar = UNICODE_RIGHT_SINGLE_QUOTATION_MARK;
		} else if (kar == '`') {
			kar = UNICODE_LEFT_SINGLE_QUOTATION_MARK;
		} else if (kar >= 32 && kar <= 126) {
			if (kar == 'f') {
				if (in [0] == 'i' && HAS_FI_AND_FL_LIGATURES && ! (my font == kGraphics_font_COURIER || my fontStyle == Graphics_CODE || wordCode || globalCode)) {
					kar = UNICODE_LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_FI;
					in ++;
				} else if (in [0] == 'l' && HAS_FI_AND_FL_LIGATURES && ! (my font == kGraphics_font_COURIER || my fontStyle == Graphics_CODE || wordCode || globalCode)) {
					kar = UNICODE_LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_FL;
					in ++;
				}
			} else if (kar == '}') {
				if (globalSmall) { globalSmall = 0; continue; }
			}
		} else if (kar == '\t') {
			out -> kar = '\t';
			out -> rightToLeft = false;
			wordItalic = wordBold = wordCode = wordLink = 0;
			globalSubscript = globalSuperscript = globalItalic = globalBold = globalCode = globalLink = globalSmall = 0;
			charItalic = charBold = charSuperscript = charSubscript = 0;
			out ++;
			continue;   // do not draw
		} else if (kar == '\n') {
			kar = ' ';
		}
		if (wordItalic | wordBold | wordCode | wordLink) {
			if (! isalnum (kar) && kar != '_')   // FIXME: this test could be more precise.
				wordItalic = wordBold = wordCode = wordLink = 0;
		}
		out -> style =
			(wordLink | globalLink) && my fontStyle != Graphics_CODE ? Graphics_BOLD :
			((my fontStyle & Graphics_ITALIC) | charItalic | wordItalic | globalItalic ? Graphics_ITALIC : 0) +
			((my fontStyle & Graphics_BOLD) | charBold | wordBold | globalBold ? Graphics_BOLD : 0);
		out -> font.string = NULL;
		out -> font.integer = my fontStyle == Graphics_CODE || wordCode || globalCode ||
			kar == '/' || kar == '|' ? kGraphics_font_COURIER : my font;
		out -> link = wordLink | globalLink;
		out -> baseline = charSuperscript | globalSuperscript ? 34 : charSubscript | globalSubscript ? -25 : 0;
		out -> size = globalSmall || out -> baseline != 0 ? 80 : 100;
		if (kar == '/') {
			out -> baseline -= out -> size / 12;
			out -> size += out -> size / 10;
		}
		out -> code = '?';   // does this have any meaning?
		out -> kar = kar;
		out -> rightToLeft =
			(kar >= 0x0590 && kar <= 0x06FF) ||
			(kar >= 0xFE70 && kar <= 0xFEFF) ||
			(kar >= 0xFB1E && kar <= 0xFDFF);
		charItalic = charBold = charSuperscript = charSubscript = 0;
		out ++;
	}
	out -> kar = '\0';   // end of text
	out -> rightToLeft = false;
}

double Graphics_textWidth (Graphics me, const wchar_t *txt) {
	double width;
	if (! initBuffer (txt)) return 0.0;
	initText (me);
	parseTextIntoCellsLinesRuns (me, txt, theWidechar);
	charSizes (me, theWidechar);
	width = textWidth (theWidechar);
	exitText (me);
	return width / my scaleX;
}

void Graphics_textRect (Graphics me, double x1, double x2, double y1, double y2, const wchar_t *txt) {
	_Graphics_widechar *plc, *startOfLine;
	double width = 0.0, lineHeight = (1.1 / 72) * my fontSize * my resolution;
	long x1DC = x1 * my scaleX + my deltaX + 2, x2DC = x2 * my scaleX + my deltaX - 2;
	long y1DC = y1 * my scaleY + my deltaY, y2DC = y2 * my scaleY + my deltaY;
	int availableHeight = my yIsZeroAtTheTop ? y1DC - y2DC : y2DC - y1DC, availableWidth = x2DC - x1DC;
	int linesAvailable = availableHeight / lineHeight, linesNeeded = 1, lines, iline;
	if (linesAvailable <= 0) linesAvailable = 1;
	if (availableWidth <= 0) return;
	if (! initBuffer (txt)) return;
	initText (me);
	parseTextIntoCellsLinesRuns (me, txt, theWidechar);
	charSizes (me, theWidechar);
	for (plc = theWidechar; plc -> kar > '\t'; plc ++) {
		width += plc -> width;
		if (width > availableWidth) {
			if (++ linesNeeded > linesAvailable) break;
			width = 0.0;
		}	
	}
	lines = linesNeeded > linesAvailable ? linesAvailable : linesNeeded;
	startOfLine = theWidechar;
	for (iline = 1; iline <= lines; iline ++) {
		width = 0.0;
		for (plc = startOfLine; plc -> kar > '\t'; plc ++) {
			int flush = FALSE;
			width += plc -> width;
			if (width > availableWidth) flush = TRUE;
			/*
			 * Trick for incorporating end-of-text.
			 */
			if (! flush && plc [1]. kar <= '\t') {
				Melder_assert (iline == lines);
				plc ++;   /* Brr. */
				flush = TRUE;
			}
			if (flush) {
				int saveKar = plc -> kar, direction = my yIsZeroAtTheTop ? -1 : 1;
				int x = my horizontalTextAlignment == Graphics_LEFT ? x1DC :
					my horizontalTextAlignment == Graphics_RIGHT ? x2DC :
					0.5 * (x1 + x2) * my scaleX + my deltaX;
				int y = my verticalTextAlignment == Graphics_BOTTOM ?
					y1DC + direction * (lines - iline) * lineHeight :
					my verticalTextAlignment == Graphics_TOP ?
					y2DC - direction * (iline - 1) * lineHeight :
					0.5 * (y1 + y2) * my scaleY + my deltaY + 0.5 * direction * (lines - iline*2 + 1) * lineHeight;
				plc -> kar = '\0';
				drawOneCell (me, x, y, startOfLine);
				plc -> kar = saveKar;
				startOfLine = plc;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	exitText (me);
}

void Graphics_text (Graphics me, double xWC, double yWC, const wchar_t *txt) {
	if (my wrapWidth == 0.0 && wcschr (txt, '\n') && my textRotation == 0.0) {
		double lineSpacingWC = (1.2/72) * my fontSize * my resolution / fabs (my scaleY);
		long numberOfLines = 1;
		for (const wchar_t *p = & txt [0]; *p != '\0'; p ++) {
			if (*p == '\n') {
				numberOfLines ++;
			}
		}
		yWC +=
			my verticalTextAlignment == Graphics_TOP ? 0 :
			my verticalTextAlignment == Graphics_HALF ? 0.5 * (numberOfLines - 1) * lineSpacingWC:
			(numberOfLines - 1) * lineSpacingWC;
		autostring linesToDraw = Melder_wcsdup_f (txt);
		wchar_t *p = & linesToDraw [0];
		for (;;) {
			wchar_t *newline = wcschr (p, '\n');
			if (newline != NULL) *newline = '\0';
			Graphics_text (me, xWC, yWC, p);
			yWC -= lineSpacingWC;
			if (newline != NULL) {
				p = newline + 1;
			} else {
				break;
			}
		}
		return;
	}
	if (! initBuffer (txt)) return;
	initText (me);
	parseTextIntoCellsLinesRuns (me, txt, theWidechar);
	drawCells (me, xWC, yWC, theWidechar);
	exitText (me);
	if (my recording) {
		char *txt_utf8 = Melder_peekWcsToUtf8 (txt);
		int length = strlen (txt_utf8) / sizeof (double) + 1;
		op (TEXT, 3 + length); put (xWC); put (yWC); sput (txt_utf8, length)
	}
}

double Graphics_inqTextX (Graphics me) { return my textX; }
double Graphics_inqTextY (Graphics me) { return my textY; }

int Graphics_getLinks (Graphics_Link **plinks) { *plinks = & links [0]; return numberOfLinks; }

static double psTextWidth (_Graphics_widechar string [], int useSilipaPS) {
	_Graphics_widechar *character;
	/*
	 * The following has to be kept IN SYNC with GraphicsPostscript::charSize.
	 */
	double textWidth = 0;
	for (character = string; character -> kar > '\t'; character ++) {
		Longchar_Info info = Longchar_getInfoFromNative (character -> kar);
		int font = info -> alphabet == Longchar_SYMBOL ? kGraphics_font_SYMBOL :
				info -> alphabet == Longchar_PHONETIC ? kGraphics_font_IPATIMES :
				info -> alphabet == Longchar_DINGBATS ? kGraphics_font_DINGBATS : character -> font.integer;
		int style = character -> style == Graphics_ITALIC ? Graphics_ITALIC :
			character -> style == Graphics_BOLD || character -> link ? Graphics_BOLD :
			character -> style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC ? Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC : 0;
		double size = character -> size * 0.01;
		double charWidth = 600;   /* Courier. */
		if (font == kGraphics_font_COURIER) {
			charWidth = 600;
		} else if (style == 0) {
			if (font == kGraphics_font_TIMES) charWidth = info -> ps.times;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA) charWidth = info -> ps.helvetica;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO) charWidth = info -> ps.palatino;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES && useSilipaPS) charWidth = info -> ps.timesItalic;
			else charWidth = info -> ps.times;   /* Symbol, IPA. */
		} else if (style == Graphics_BOLD) {
			if (font == kGraphics_font_TIMES) charWidth = info -> ps.timesBold;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA) charWidth = info -> ps.helveticaBold;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO) charWidth = info -> ps.palatinoBold;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES && useSilipaPS) charWidth = info -> ps.timesBoldItalic;
			else charWidth = info -> ps.times;
		} else if (style == Graphics_ITALIC) {
			if (font == kGraphics_font_TIMES) charWidth = info -> ps.timesItalic;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA) charWidth = info -> ps.helvetica;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO) charWidth = info -> ps.palatinoItalic;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES && useSilipaPS) charWidth = info -> ps.timesItalic;
			else charWidth = info -> ps.times;
		} else if (style == Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC) {
			if (font == kGraphics_font_TIMES) charWidth = info -> ps.timesBoldItalic;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_HELVETICA) charWidth = info -> ps.helveticaBold;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_PALATINO) charWidth = info -> ps.palatinoBoldItalic;
			else if (font == kGraphics_font_IPATIMES && useSilipaPS) charWidth = info -> ps.timesBoldItalic;
			else charWidth = info -> ps.times;
		}
		charWidth *= size / 1000.0;
		textWidth += charWidth;
	}
	/*
	 * The following has to be kept IN SYNC with charSizes ().
	 */
	for (character = string; character -> kar > '\t'; character ++) {
		if ((character -> style & Graphics_ITALIC) != 0) {
			_Graphics_widechar *nextCharacter = character + 1;
			if (nextCharacter -> kar <= '\t') {
				textWidth += POSTSCRIPT_SLANT_CORRECTION;
			} else if (((nextCharacter -> style & Graphics_ITALIC) == 0 && nextCharacter -> baseline >= character -> baseline)
				|| (character -> baseline == 0 && nextCharacter -> baseline > 0))
			{
				if (nextCharacter -> kar == '.' || nextCharacter -> kar == ',')
					textWidth += 0.5 * POSTSCRIPT_SLANT_CORRECTION;
				else
					textWidth += POSTSCRIPT_SLANT_CORRECTION;
			}
		}
	}
	return textWidth;
}

double Graphics_textWidth_ps_mm (Graphics me, const wchar_t *txt, bool useSilipaPS) {
	if (! initBuffer (txt)) return 0.0;
	parseTextIntoCellsLinesRuns (me, txt, theWidechar);
	return psTextWidth (theWidechar, useSilipaPS) * (double) my fontSize * (25.4 / 72.0);
}

double Graphics_textWidth_ps (Graphics me, const wchar_t *txt, bool useSilipaPS) {
	return Graphics_dxMMtoWC (me, Graphics_textWidth_ps_mm (me, txt, useSilipaPS));
}

#if mac
#if useCarbon
static ATSFontRef findFont (CFStringRef name) {
	ATSFontRef fontRef = ATSFontFindFromPostScriptName (name, kATSOptionFlagsDefault);
	if (fontRef == 0 || fontRef == kATSUInvalidFontID) {
		fontRef = ATSFontFindFromName (name, kATSOptionFlagsDefault);
		if (fontRef == 0 || fontRef == kATSUInvalidFontID) {
			return 0;
		}
	}
	return fontRef;		
}
#endif
bool _GraphicsMac_tryToInitializeFonts (void) {
#if useCarbon
	if (theTimesAtsuiFont != 0) return true;   // once
	theTimesAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Times"));
	if (! theTimesAtsuiFont) theTimesAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Times New Roman"));
	theHelveticaAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Helvetica"));
	if (! theHelveticaAtsuiFont) theHelveticaAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Arial"));
	theCourierAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Courier"));
	if (! theCourierAtsuiFont) theCourierAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Courier New"));
	theSymbolAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Symbol"));
	thePalatinoAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Palatino"));
	if (! thePalatinoAtsuiFont) thePalatinoAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Book Antiqua"));
	if (! thePalatinoAtsuiFont) thePalatinoAtsuiFont = theTimesAtsuiFont;
	theZapfDingbatsAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Zapf Dingbats"));
	if (! theZapfDingbatsAtsuiFont) theZapfDingbatsAtsuiFont = theTimesAtsuiFont;
	if (! theTimesAtsuiFont || ! theHelveticaAtsuiFont || ! theCourierAtsuiFont || ! theSymbolAtsuiFont) {
		Melder_warning (L"Praat cannot find one or more of the fonts Times (or Times New Roman), "
			"Helvetica (or Arial), Courier (or Courier New), and Symbol. "
			"Praat will have limited capabilities for international text.");
		return false;
	}
	theIpaTimesAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Doulos SIL"));
	theIpaPalatinoAtsuiFont = findFont (CFSTR ("Charis SIL"));
	if (! theIpaTimesAtsuiFont) {
		if (theIpaPalatinoAtsuiFont) {
			theIpaTimesAtsuiFont = theIpaPalatinoAtsuiFont;
		} else {
			Melder_warning (L"Praat cannot find the Charis SIL or Doulos SIL font.\n"
				"Phonetic characters will not look well.");   // because ATSUI will use the "last resort font"
			theIpaTimesAtsuiFont = theTimesAtsuiFont;
			theIpaPalatinoAtsuiFont = thePalatinoAtsuiFont;
		}
	} else if (! theIpaPalatinoAtsuiFont) {
		theIpaPalatinoAtsuiFont = theIpaTimesAtsuiFont;
	}
	Melder_assert (theTimesAtsuiFont != 0);
	ATSUFindFontFromName (NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0, kFontArabicLanguage, & theArabicAtsuiFont);
	return true;
#else
    static bool inited = false;
    if (inited) return true;
    NSArray *fontNames = [[NSFontManager sharedFontManager] availableFontFamilies];
    hasTimes = [fontNames containsObject: @"Times"];
    if (! hasTimes) hasTimes = [fontNames containsObject: @"Times New Roman"];
    hasHelvetica = [fontNames containsObject: @"Helvetica"];
    if (! hasHelvetica) hasHelvetica = [fontNames containsObject: @"Arial"];
    hasCourier = [fontNames containsObject: @"Courier"];
    if (! hasCourier) hasCourier = [fontNames containsObject: @"Courier New"];
    hasSymbol = [fontNames containsObject: @"Symbol"];
    hasPalatino = [fontNames containsObject: @"Palatino"];
    if (! hasPalatino) hasPalatino = [fontNames containsObject: @"Book Antiqua"];
    hasDoulos = [fontNames containsObject: @"Doulos SIL"];
    hasCharis = [fontNames containsObject: @"Charis SIL"];
	hasIpaSerif = hasDoulos || hasCharis;
    inited = true;
    return true;
#endif
}
#endif

void _GraphicsScreen_text_init (GraphicsScreen me) {   /* BUG: should be done as late as possible. */
	#if gtk
	#elif cocoa
        (void) me;
        Melder_assert (_GraphicsMac_tryToInitializeFonts ());   // should have been handled when setting my useQuartz to true
	#elif win
		int font, size, style;
		if (my printer || my metafile)
			for (font = kGraphics_font_MIN; font <= kGraphics_font_DINGBATS; font ++)
				for (size = 0; size <= 4; size ++)
					for (style = 0; style <= Graphics_BOLD_ITALIC; style ++)
						if (printerFonts [font] [size] [style]) {
							DeleteObject (printerFonts [font] [size] [style]);
							printerFonts [font] [size] [style] = 0;
						}
	#elif mac
		if (theTimesAtsuiFont == 0) {
			Melder_assert (_GraphicsMac_tryToInitializeFonts ());   // should have been handled when setting my useQuartz to true
		}
	#endif
}

/* Output attributes. */

void Graphics_setTextAlignment (Graphics me, int hor, int vert) {
	if (hor != Graphics_NOCHANGE) my horizontalTextAlignment = hor;
	if (vert != Graphics_NOCHANGE) my verticalTextAlignment = vert;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_TEXT_ALIGNMENT, 2); put (hor); put (vert); }
}

void Graphics_setFont (Graphics me, enum kGraphics_font font) {
	my font = font;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_FONT, 1); put (font); }
}

void Graphics_setFontSize (Graphics me, int size) {
	my fontSize = size;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_FONT_SIZE, 1); put (size); }
}

void Graphics_setFontStyle (Graphics me, int style) {
	my fontStyle = style;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_FONT_STYLE, 1); put (style); }
}

void Graphics_setItalic (Graphics me, bool onoff) {
	if (onoff) my fontStyle |= Graphics_ITALIC; else my fontStyle &= ~ Graphics_ITALIC;
}

void Graphics_setBold (Graphics me, bool onoff) {
	if (onoff) my fontStyle |= Graphics_BOLD; else my fontStyle &= ~ Graphics_BOLD;
}

void Graphics_setCode (Graphics me, bool onoff) {
	if (onoff) my fontStyle |= Graphics_CODE; else my fontStyle &= ~ Graphics_CODE;
}

void Graphics_setTextRotation (Graphics me, double angle) {
	my textRotation = angle;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_TEXT_ROTATION, 1); put (angle); }
}

void Graphics_setWrapWidth (Graphics me, double wrapWidth) {
	my wrapWidth = wrapWidth;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_WRAP_WIDTH, 1); put (wrapWidth); }
}

void Graphics_setSecondIndent (Graphics me, double indent) {
	my secondIndent = indent;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_SECOND_INDENT, 1); put (indent); }
}

void Graphics_setPercentSignIsItalic (Graphics me, bool isItalic) {
	my percentSignIsItalic = isItalic;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_PERCENT_SIGN_IS_ITALIC, 1); put (isItalic); }
}

void Graphics_setNumberSignIsBold (Graphics me, bool isBold) {
	my numberSignIsBold = isBold;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_NUMBER_SIGN_IS_BOLD, 1); put (isBold); }
}

void Graphics_setCircumflexIsSuperscript (Graphics me, bool isSuperscript) {
	my circumflexIsSuperscript = isSuperscript;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_CIRCUMFLEX_IS_SUPERSCRIPT, 1); put (isSuperscript); }
}

void Graphics_setUnderscoreIsSubscript (Graphics me, bool isSubscript) {
	my underscoreIsSubscript = isSubscript;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_UNDERSCORE_IS_SUBSCRIPT, 1); put (isSubscript); }
}

void Graphics_setDollarSignIsCode (Graphics me, bool isCode) {
	my dollarSignIsCode = isCode;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_DOLLAR_SIGN_IS_CODE, 1); put (isCode); }
}

void Graphics_setAtSignIsLink (Graphics me, bool isLink) {
	my atSignIsLink = isLink;
	if (my recording) { op (SET_AT_SIGN_IS_LINK, 1); put (isLink); }
}

/* Inquiries. */

enum kGraphics_font Graphics_inqFont (Graphics me) { return my font; }
int Graphics_inqFontSize (Graphics me) { return my fontSize; }
int Graphics_inqFontStyle (Graphics me) { return my fontStyle; }

/* End of file Graphics_text.cpp */
