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To draw phonetic diacritical symbols in the Picture window or in the TextGridEditor, make sure that you have installed the Charis SIL and/or Doulos SIL font, for instance from www.sil.org or from www.praat.org. You can either type the symbols directly (if your computer has an input method for them), or use the backslash trigraphs in the following list.
Diacritics above the letter:
n\|v (combining vertical line below): syllabic consonantb\0v (combining ring below): voiceless (e.g. lenis voiceless plosive, voiceless nasal or approximant)s\vv (combining caron below): voicedo\Tv (combining down tack below, lowering): lowered vowel; or turns a fricative into an approximanto\T^ (combining up tack below, raising): raised vowel; or turns an approximant into a fricativeo\T( (combining left tack below, atr): advanced tongue rooto\T) (combining right tack below, rtr): retracted tongue roote\-v (combining macron below): backedo\+v (combining plus sign below): frontedo\:v (combining diaeresis below): breathy voiceo\~v (combining tilde below): creaky voiced\Nv (combining bridge below): dental (as opposed to alveolar)d\Uv (combining inverted bridge below): apicald\Dv (combining square below): laminalu\nv (combining inverted breve below): nonsyllabice\3v (combining right half ring below): slightly roundedu\cv (combining left half ring below): slightly unroundedd\mv (combining seagull below): lingiolabiala\_ub undertie (liaison, if spaces don't mean breaks in your transcription)Diacritics below the letter:
\gf\0^ (combining ring above): voiceless\ef\'' (combining double acute accent): extra high tone\ef\'^ (combining acute accent): high tone\ef\-^ (combining macron): mid tone (or so)\ef\^ (combining grave accent): low tone\ef\\ef\-' (combining macron–acute): high-rising tone\ef\'- (combining acute–macron): high-falling tone\ef\- (combining grave–macron): low-rising tone\ef\-\ef\rf (combining grave–acute–grave): rising–falling tone\ef\fr (combining acute–grave–acute): falling–rising tone\ef\~^ (combining tilde): nasalized\ef\v^ (combining caron, háček, wedge): rising tone\ef\^^ (combining circumflex accent): falling toneo\:^ (combining diaeresis): centralizede\x^ (combining x above): mid-centralized\ef\N^ (combining breve): extra shortk\lip, t͡s t\lis (combining double inverted breve, ligature): simultaneous articulation, or single segmentk\lix, m͜b k\LSx (combining double breve below, ligature): simultaneous articulation, or single segmentDiacritics struck through the letter (overlays):
d\// (combining long solidus overlay): ?d\-/ (combining long stroke overlay): ?d\~/ (combining tilde overlay): velarized or pharyngealized, mainly used for “l”, although l̴ l\~/ can more easily be typed as ɫ \l~ (otherwise, velarization can more clearly be rendered as e.g. dˠ d\^g or dᵚ d\^M or dᶭ d\^G, and pharyngealization as dˁ d\^9).In-line prefixes:
\'1 primary stress\'2 secondary stress\|u (modifier letter raised up arrow): upstep\|d (modifier letter raised down arrow): downstep\NE (north east arrow): global rise\SE (south east arrow): global fallIn-line suffixes:
\:f the phonetic length sign\.f half lengtht\cn (combining left angle above, corner): unreleased plosive\er\hr (combining rhotic hook): rhotacized vowelp\ap apostrophe (for ejectives)\-5 extra high tone\-4 high tone\-3 mid tone\-2 low tone\-1 extra low tone\-5\-1 falling, ˧˥ \-3\-5 high-rising, ˨˥˨ \-2\-5\-2 rising–falling, or ˨˩˧ \-2\-1\-3 low falling–rising)Other in-line symbols:
\|f the phonetic strokeSuperscripts:
t\^h aspirationb\^H voiced aspiration (breathiness)t\^j palatalizationt\^g, tᵚ t\^M, tᶭ t\^G velarizationk\^w roundingt\^Y rounding with palatalizationa\^? glottalizationt\^9 pharyngealizationt\^l lateral releaset\^n, pᵐ p\^m, kᵑ k\^N nasal releaset\^s, kˣ k\^x, pᶠ p\^f affricationt\^y (palatalization in a deprecated Americanist notation)Digraphs:
\ts t–s ligature\tS tesh ligature\dz d–z ligature\dZ dezh ligature© Paul Boersma 2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2011,2013,2021,2025