To draw phonetic diacritical symbols in the Picture window or in the TextGridEditor, make sure that you have installed the Charis SIL and/or Doulos SIL font, for instance from www.sil.org or from www.praat.org. You can either type the symbols directly (if your computer has an input method for them), or use the backslash trigraphs in the following list.

Understrikes:

 n̩ n\|v (combining vertical line below): syllabic consonant

 b̥ b\0v (combining ring below): voiceless (e.g. lenis voiceless plosive, voiceless nasal or approximant)

 o̞ o\Tv (combining down tack below, lowering): lowered vowel; or turns a fricative into an approximant

 o̝ o\T^ (combining up tack below, raising): raised vowel; or turns an approximant into a fricative

 o̘ o\T( (combining left tack below, atr): advanced tongue root

 o̙ o\T) (combining right tack below, rtr): retracted tongue root

 e̠ e\-v (combining macron below): backed

 o̟ o\+v (combining plus sign below): fronted

 o̤ o\:v (combining diaeresis below): breathy voice

 o̰ o\~v (combining tilde below): creaky voice

 d̪ d\Nv (combining bridge below): dental (as opposed to alveolar)

 d̺ d\Uv (combining inverted bridge below): apical

 d̻ d\Dv (combining square below): laminal

 u̯ u\nv (combining inverted breve below): nonsyllabic

 e̹ e\3v (combining right half ring below): slightly rounded

 u̜ u\cv (combining left half ring below): slightly unrounded

 d̼ d\mv (combining seagull below): lingiolabial

 a‿b a\_ub undertie (liaison, if spaces don't mean breaks in your transcription)

Overstrikes:

 ɣ̊ \gf\0^ (combining ring above): voiceless

 ɛ̋ \ef\'' (combining double acute accent): extra high tone

 ɛ́ \ef\'^ (combining acute accent): high tone

 ɛ̄ \ef\-^ (combining macron): mid tone (or so)

 ɛ̀ \ef\^ (combining grave accent): low tone

 ɛ̏ \ef\ (combining double grave accent): extra low tone

 ɛ᷄ \ef\-' (combining macron–acute): high-rising tone

 ɛ᷇ \ef\'- (combining acute–macron): high-falling tone

 ɛ᷅ \ef\- (combining grave–macron): low-rising tone

 ɛ᷆ \ef\- (combining macron–grave): low-falling tone

 ɛ᷈ \ef\rf (combining grave–acute–grave): rising–falling tone

 ɛ᷉ \ef\fr (combining acute–grave–acute): falling–rising tone

 ɛ̃ \ef\~^ (combining tilde): nasalized

 ɛ̌ \ef\v^ (combining caron, háček, wedge): rising tone

 ɛ̂ \ef\^^ (combining circumflex accent): falling tone

 ö o\:^ (combining diaeresis): centralized

 e̽ e\x^ (combining x above): mid-centralized

 ɛ̆ \ef\N^ (combining breve): extra short

 k͡p k\lip, t͡s t\lis (combining double inverted breve, ligature): simultaneous articulation, or single segment

In-line prefixes:

 ˈ \'1 primary stress

 ˌ \'2 secondary stress

 ꜛ \|u (modifier letter raised up arrow): upstep

 ꜜ \|d (modifier letter raised down arrow): downstep

 ↗ \NE (north east arrow): global rise

 ↘ \SE (south east arrow): global fall

In-line suffixes:

 ː \:f the phonetic length sign

 ˑ \.f half length

 t̚ t\cn (combining left angle above, corner): unreleased plosive

 ɜ˞ \er\hr (combining rhotic hook): rhotacized vowel

 pʼ p\ap apostrophe (for ejectives)

 ˥ \-5 extra high tone

 ˦ \-4 high tone

 ˧ \-3 mid tone

 ˨ \-2 low tone

 ˩ \-1 extra low tone

Other in-line symbols:

 | \|f the phonetic stroke

Superscripts:

 tʰ t\^h aspiration

 bʱ b\^H voiced aspiration (breathiness)

 tʲ t\^j palatalization

 tˠ t\^g, tᵚ t\^M, tᶭ t\^G velarization

 kʷ k\^w rounding

 tᶣ t\^Y rounding with palatalization

 aˀ a\^? glottalization

 tˁ t\^9 pharyngealization

 tˡ t\^l lateral release

 tⁿ t\^n, pᵐ p\^m, kᵑ k\^N nasal release

 tˢ t\^s, kˣ k\^x, pᶠ p\^f affrication

 tʸ t\^y (palatalization in a deprecated Americanist notation)

Digraphs:

 ʦ \ts t–s ligature

 ʧ \tS tesh ligature

 ʣ \dz d–z ligature

 ʤ \dZ dezh ligature

Links to this page

• Phonetic symbols
• What was new in 5.3?