Paul Boersma (1997): “How we learn variation, optionality, and probability.” Proceedings of the Institute of Phonetic Sciences 21: 43–58. University of Amsterdam.

Available on https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/paul/. Equals chapter 15 of Boersma (1998).

A less correct version (demoting and promoting a single pair of constraints, instead of them all) is available as Rutgers Optimality Archive 221, https://ruccs.rutgers.edu/roa.html

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